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Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

4. Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells. Prokaryotic Cells. Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Prokaryote comes from the Greek words for prenucleus. Eukaryote comes from the Greek words for true nucleus. One circular chromosome, not in a membrane No histones

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Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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  1. 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

  2. Prokaryotic Cells • Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • Prokaryote comes from the Greek words for prenucleus. • Eukaryote comes from the Greek words for true nucleus.

  3. One circular chromosome, not in a membrane No histones No organelles Peptidoglycan cell walls Binary fission Paired chromosomes, in nuclear membrane Histones Organelles Polysaccharide cell walls Mitotic spindle Prokaryote Eukaryote

  4. Morphology • Coccus (pleural cocci means berries) are spherical shaped. • Bacillus (pleural bacilli, meaning little staffs) are rod shaped. • Coccobacilli are oval shaped rods that look very much like cocci. • Spirilla have a helical shape, like a corkscrew, and fairly rigid bodies. • Spirochetes are more tightly spiraled and are more flexible

  5. Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm  2 - 8 µm • Basic shapes: Figures 4.1a, 4.2a, 4.2d, 4.4b, 4.4c

  6. Arrangements • Pairs: Diplococci, diplobacilli • Clusters: Staphylococci • Chains: Streptococci, streptobacilli Figures 4.1a, 4.1d, 4.2c

  7. Flagella • Outside cell wall • Made of chains of flagellin • Anchored to the wall and membrane Figure 4.8a

  8. Flagella Arrangement Figure 4.7

  9. Endospores • Resting cells • Resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals • Bacillus, Clostridium • Sporulation: Endospore formation • Germination: Return to vegetative state

  10. Figure 4.21b

  11. Homework • Review: 1, 2, 3, 5

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