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United States and Spanish/Mexican frontier experiences:. The respective societies and their distinct approaches to settlement of frontier zones. Frontier Contrasts. David Weber discusses the contrasting frontier conditions and experiences of the United States and Spanish/Mexican societies.
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United States and Spanish/Mexican frontier experiences: The respective societies and their distinct approaches to settlement of frontier zones
Frontier Contrasts • David Weber discusses the contrasting frontier conditions and experiences of the United States and Spanish/Mexican societies. • This summary includes this experience from the seventeenth through early nineteenth centuries, • And includes five important distinctions that indicate the ways in which the respective societies conducted and perceived of frontier settlements.
Attitude and Treatment of the Indigenous People: • United States: indigenous as obstacles, to be segregated, isolated from white society. Utilized segregationist policies: reservations, genocide, 19th century Indian Removal Acts. • Spanish/Mexican policies: viewed the indigenous as valuable assets as labor and for conversion, • Integrative approach, inclusion through Spanish policies such as: Ordinances of 1573, Luis de Velasco, mestizaje • Creates the “heterogeneous society” through vast racial miscegenation.
The Role of Established Religion • United States: church plays minor or insignificant role in the initial phases of settlement, operated unofficially • Spanish/Mexican society: prominent involvement as a co-partner in expansion and settlement due to its responsibilities to integrate and convert indigenous people. • Examples: Luis de Velasco, Portola expedition, Kino, Serra, Reglamento Provisional.
Method of Settlement • United States: generally chaotic, individual, and without institutional order or support. • Spanish/Mexican: organized, planned, regulated, institutional patterns. • Examples: Pino, Velasco, Ordinances of 1573, Echeveste Regulations, Arizpe/Ortiz.
Motive for Settlement • United States: lure of free land, cheap lands, population pressures. • Spanish/Mexican: strategic, buffer zone, religious and defensive motives, • Examples: Pedro Bautista Pino, Texas, California
Environmental Conditions • United States: Lands of abundance, • Spanish/Mexican: lands of scarcity, deserts, encomienda, communal lands, Baeza, Marquis/Ortiz.
