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Therapies

Therapies. Biological (medicine) vs. Psychotherapy (counseling)Drug Therapy (anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia)Antianxiety drugs/tranqilizers (Xanax, Valium, Librium)Antidepressant drugs (Elavil, Nardil, Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft)Lithium (bipolar disorder)Antipsychotic drugs (Clozari

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Therapies

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    1. CHAPTER 15 “Therapies”

    2. Therapies Biological (medicine) vs. Psychotherapy (counseling) Drug Therapy (anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia) Antianxiety drugs/tranqilizers (Xanax, Valium, Librium) Antidepressant drugs (Elavil, Nardil, Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft) Lithium (bipolar disorder) Antipsychotic drugs (Clozaril, Risperdal) Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)/shock therapy (depression) Psychosurgery (prefrontal lobotomy)

    3. Psychotherapies Psychodynamic Humanistic Behavior Cognitive

    4. Psychotherapies (cont.) Integrative Group Family Couples Self-help groups

    5. Psychodynamic Therapies Psychodynamic Therapy—focuses on the unconscious mind, extensive therapist interpretation, and the effects of early childhood experiences Psychoanalysis (Freud)—suggests that an individual’s problems can be traced back to childhood experiences involving conflicts about sexuality Free association Catharsis Dream analysis Resistance Transference Contemporary psychodynamic therapies

    6. Humanistic Therapies Humanistic Therapy—encourages insight and awareness; emphasizes conscious thought, the present, self-understanding, and personal growth Client-Centered (Rogers)—therapist engages in unconditional positive regard (a warm, supportive atmosphere is created) and self-reflection is encouraged Nondirective therapist role Genuineness Active listening Gestalt therapy (Perls)—emphasizes bringing the past into the present; challenges clients; therapist confronts individuals and encourages them to be open and actively control their lives

    7. Behavior Therapies Behavior therapies—use principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behaviors; active-oriented strategies are used to help individuals change behavior Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) Systematic desensitization (used to treat fears) Aversive conditioning (used to treat undesirable habits) Operant Conditioning (Skinner) Behavior modification (replacing bad behaviors with good ones) Token economy

    8. Cognitive Therapies Cognitive Therapies—attempt to change feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions (cognitive restructuring) Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT) (Albert)—rationally challenges irrational, self-defeating thoughts Cognitive therapy (Beck)—less direct form of therapy Cognitive-behavior therapy—uses self-instructional methods; stresses self-efficacy

    9. Integrative Therapy Combines different therapies based on therapist judgment and clients’ needs

    10. Other Therapies Group Therapy (information; universality; altruism; family group; social skills; interpersonal learning) Family Therapy Couples Therapy Self-help Groups

    11. Preventive Health Care Primary prevention (reduction of new cases) Secondary prevention (screening for early detection of problems and early intervention) Tertiary prevention (treat current problems)

    12. Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness Influences Ethnicity Gender Meta-analysis Common themes in effective therapy Positive expectations Mastery Emotional arousal Therapeutic relationship

    13. Receipt of Therapy Cost Therapist qualifications

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