Battle of Jamal

1. Battle of Jamal Presented by: Mariam Mohammad

2. A’isha was the wife of the Prophet (pbuh) and the daughter of Abu Bakr • A’isha was 46 yrs old and do you remember how she called for killing Uthman (r) only a few months back, now that Uthman (r) was killed she turned against Imam Ali • A’isha had an ulterior motive though, she wanted to have her relative Talha as the Khalifa rather than Ali.

3. Meccans Against Imam Ali (as) • Talha and Zubair along with A’isha were leaders and instigators of this uprising. • The rebellious headed towards Basrah • They marched against the authority of Khilaafah, that of Imam Ali, not knowing they were ripping apart.

4. Al-How’ab • A’isha was startled, as if she remembered a very important thing. Excitedly and worried she asked, “What do you call this place?” • “This place is called Al-How’ab.”

5. The Prophet’s Warning • 26 yrs back when the Prophet (pbuh) told her others the following: • “I wonder who of you will be the instigator of the Jamal affair at whom the dogs of How’ab will bark and she will be the one who has deviated from the straight path as to you, Humaira (A’isha) I have warned you in that regard.”

6. Basrah • The rebel force under A’isha, Talha and Zubair did many things. • They raised emotions and gave many speeches • The Governor of Basrah a highly respected Companion of the Prophet and Imam Ali’s appointee, negotiated with them. Though a highly respected Companion, he was violated and beaten and even the hair of his head, eyebrows and beard was pulled off. • Having done that the rebel force attacked and killed numerous innocent people. They attacked the armory and took away the war material and ammunition. • They also attacked and stole the public treasury (this money was Muslim Money) The money was used to influence people and finance their operation! • As a result of these atrocities many Muslim families lost a father or a son. These were innocent Muslims, killed by other Muslims, the killers were under the leadership of A’isha, Talha and Zubair.

7. Face to Face • To prevent war or fighting Imam Ali (as) tried his very best to reason with the rebels. • Imam Ali took a chance by going alone without any arms, to be face to face with Zubair and Talha. • In this meeting he first reminded Talha that it was he who exposed the wife of the Prophet to danger while keeping his wife secure at home in Medina • After more communication Imam Ali (as) said to Zubair, “Do you remember what the Prophet said 26 yrs ago to you in my regard?”

8. Do you remember when you so endearingly talked about me, but your disbelief and surprise the Prophet (pbuh) answered you by saying: “Verily you will be fighting against Ali and to him you will be unfair.”

9. Once this was mentioned, Zubair remembered and dizzying faint feeling came over him. • His legs felt limp, his head in an uproar and suddenly the tension of being rebellious left him • For the first time things became clear in his mind, quite clear now • Apologetically Zubair acknowledged to Ali, “By Allah, now I remember , why yes, he certainly said that and I am sorry and what you said is all I need.” • With that, Zubair insisted in leaving the rebellious camp immediately, he wanted to go back right away. He clearly saw the light, now he remembered. • He wanted to go back to Medina.

10. The Insurgents Insist • 12,000 fighters VS many…many more • Since negotiations failed most HATEFUL form of FIGHTING was imposed on Imam Ali. • Repeatedly remembered hadith by the Prophet:

11. How it happened: • Imam Ali gave the Holy Quran to a highly regarded companion to take it to the other side and request the Quran to be the judge. • The companion was showered with arrows and he Quran fell beside him. • The companions were instantly dying one after the other. • Talha was sneakly killed by MARWAN of Benu Umayya. • MARWAN was the cause of ALL the trouble in the Islamic ummah.

12. Noon Time • Talha and Zubair were gone • Shortly after, a Large CAMEL with Large SQAURE structure appeared in the area. • It was AISHA inside urging them to fight. • Fierce fighting broke out, Hundreds if not thousands were wounded or killed.

13. Imam Ali’s Reaction • Shouted incapacitate the camel, (the camel was a porcupine with arrows) • The fighting came to an end • Aisha was taken back to Basrah, and all the dead were buried. • First time in History where the Muslims were fighting against Muslims. • Aisha was then taken back to Medina in full respect with 30 guardians (who were women dressed like men) • Imam Ali (as) stayed back in Basrah helping those were hurt or lost loved ones. • After that he headed back to Kufa the NEW CAPITOL instead of MEDINA.

14. Battle of Siffin

15. 2 CampsImam Ali VS Mu’Awiya Goal • Bring the Islamic nation together, unify and put energy for Islam. • Continued to convince Mu’awiya over and over to give up, but was no good. Goal • Exploit Islam • Force was formed by paying them with enticing salaries. • Or offering them prestigious positions • Poisoned those who were against ambitions and aspiration • Had secret agents who infiltrated Imam Ali’s side

16. SiffinNW, along Euphrates, In Syria • Mu’awiya arrived ahead of Imam Ali’s camp • Cut water supply • Imam Ali refused to treat Mu’awiya similarly, so gave command to allow access to water. • Imam Ali resorted negotiations for almost 1 month. • Negotiations got them nowhere and up roared a fight

17. Battle of Siffin • The most ill matched confrontation • Imam Ali was 60 yrs old • Camp of Mumin’s VS Camp of those interested in Power • 4th Day of fighting was a ferocious as first. • AMMAR, a highly revered companion was surrounded by many foes and cut badly and died. • Uproar in Mu’awiya’s camp

18. Imam Ali’s Challenge • Challenged Mu’awiya for fight unto death • Mu’awiya declined and dared one of his generals, Ibn Aas to take challenge.

19. Ibn Aas VS. Imam Ali • Was overwhelmed and lost control • Fell to ground • When Imam Ali was about to slay him, Ibn Aas on his back and alarmed raised his legs and exposed his genital parts to Imam Ali • Imam Ali, felt pity, turned his head and gave Ibn Aas his life rather than kill him. • Mu’awiya would not give up…so he hired secret agents

20. 9th Day of Fighting • Witnessed rigorous and relentless attacks from Imam Ali’s side • Mu’awiya forces disintegrated • Approaching Mu’awiya’s tent… • Ibn Aas suggested to carry 500 Qurans on the tip of the spears • Imam Ali’s fighters were shocked, (since religious) froze and the fight was completely broken. • Al-Ashath stopped the fight • Imam Ali, having no choice consented the fighters demand, which was to have an arbitration • Arbitration took place1 yr later in Dammatul Jundal • Mu’awiya chose Ibn Aas, Imam Ali chose Ashari

21. Back in Kufa • Imam Ali was depressed and upset • Arbitration was on Mu’awiya’s side • The Prophet said 28 or 29 yrs before “O’ Ali, You will be Obliged to FIGHT against THE RENOUNCERS THE MALICIOUS AND THE DEVIANTS.” (Al-Haakim, Mustadrak, Vol. 3, PG 139)

22. Renouncers = In Basrah • Malicious and Malignants = Siffin (Mu’awiya) • The deviators = the devout Muslims who fought Mu’awiya but changed at Siffin, stopped fight and forced arbitration, then rose against Imam Ali to kill and ruin numerous towns and territories.

23. Battle of Nahrawan

24. Nahrawan • Deviators were called Khariji (mu’awiya’s second round) • Mu’awiya was offered amnesty and negotiations • Imam Ali gave a speech tried to negotiate and make sense out of 12,000, 9,000 quits and 3,000 insisted to fight

25. Imam Ali predicts His End • During Ramadhan • After 4 ½ years of Khilaafah • The Prophet told him: “THE MOST EVIL OF EVILDOERS IS THE ONE WHO WILL WET THIS (BEARD) WITH THE BLOOD FROM THIS (FOREHEAD)” (Al-Khateeb, Ali, Page 566)