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The Renaissance, Reformation and Age of Exploration

The Renaissance, Reformation and Age of Exploration. The Main Idea : The Renaissance was a cultural era in which the “rebirth” of ancient learning in art, literature and science advanced new ideas that changed European society. Vocabulary-Copy on Inbook p. 101.

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The Renaissance, Reformation and Age of Exploration

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  1. The Renaissance, Reformation and Age of Exploration The Main Idea: The Renaissance was a cultural era in which the “rebirth” of ancient learning in art, literature and science advanced new ideas that changed European society

  2. Vocabulary-Copy on Inbook p. 101 Renaissance- “rebirth” of culture at the end of the Middle Ages Protestant-people who broke (“protested”) away from the Catholic Church Reformation- time period from the early 1500s to 1600s that led to the start of many new Christian churches Humanist-person who believes in the worth and potential of all individuals and tries to balance religious faith with belief in the achievements of humans Aristocrat-person who is part of the ruling class of nobles Patron-a person who supports the arts by supplying money for them Merchant-a person who buys and sells things for profit Sculptor-an artist who creates 3-dimesions figures

  3. Remember: • The Crusades opened up trade routes connecting West Europe with Southwest Asia and North Africa. The increased contact helped Europe rediscover ideas of the ancient Greeks and Romans.

  4. Plato Socrates Aristotle Ptolemy Pythagoras Archimedes Michelangelo Raphael’s School at Athens: The ideal painting celebrating the rebirth of Greek and Roman learning. Notice all the famous thinkers Raphael incorporated.

  5. I. The Rebirth of Europe (1350 -1600) A. Renaissance began on the Italian peninsula in the 14th century 1. Italy was divided into city-states a. Florence = banking, trade, manufacturing

  6. I. The Rebirth of Europe (1350 -1600) 2. Aristocratsor people of the ruling class, nobility a. Live in the city b. Wealth comes from money and goods, not land d. Religion important as well as material things and comfort i. Large homes in the center of the city ii. Expensivefood, fine clothing, jewelry c. Example = the Medici family of Florence i. Most powerful leaders in Florence (1400-1700) ii. Bankers and merchants iii. Patronof the arts

  7. II. Art and Literature A. Humanism 1. Believe humans are capable of great achievements B. Patrons 1. Wealthycitizens who were proud of their city-state 2. Donatedmoney to artists and sculptors 3. Hired architects to build grand designs

  8. Medici Family Crest

  9. II. Art and Literature C. Artists – painters and sculptors 1. Religioussubjects and portraits of wealthy patrons 2. Medieval art was unrealistic, flat and mostly religious 3. Renaissance art was more lifelike and about all aspects of life a. Perspective= three dimensional

  10. Perspective

  11. Medieval Renaissance

  12. 4. LeonardodaVinci (1452-1519) Italian a. Painter - The Mona Lisa b. Painter- The Last Supper c. Artist, scientist and engineer d. Ideas for flying machines, parachutes and submarines • RENAISSANCE MAN!

  13. The Mona Lisa

  14. The Last Supper

  15. 5. Michelangelo- Italian a. Painter – The Sistine Chapel (ceiling) b. Sculptor – David

  16. The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

  17. A. Writers 1. William Shakespeare (1466-1536) England a. Popular stage plays 30 comedies, histories, tragedies b. Ex. Romeo and Juliet c. Plays performed in the Globe Theater

  18. Santa Maria del Fiore

  19. III. Scientific Revolution (1500-1700) leads to birth of modern science A. New inventions 1. Architecture = enormous dome a. Hugthe earth instead of pointing to heavens 2. Printing press – Johann Gutenberg invents moveable type a. Mass production of books 1. 16 pages per hour ii. Gutenberg Bible written in Latin iii. More people read iv. Impact= ideas move quickly, spread beyond Italy

  20. III. Scientific Revolution (1500-1700) leads to birth of modern science 3. Telescope – Galileo Galilei1632 a. His book stated that the Earth orbited the sun heliocentric, not geocentric b. Ideas went against religion (sciencevs. religion) c. Arrested, fearful of excommunication, stated he was wrong 4. Microscope – Leevwenhoek

  21. III. Scientific Revolution (1500-1700) leads to birth of modern science 5. Scientific method- plan for research and experiments 6. Gravity – theories of Sir Isaac Newton a. mathematician and physicist b. invented calculus

  22. The Reformation Main Idea: The Reformation changed the religious map of Europe.

  23. vs.

  24. I. The Reformation A. Complaints that church had become corrupt B. German monk, Martin Luther, critic of the church 1. Against church policy of selling indulgences 2. Wrote 95 Theses, nailed to church door in Wittenburg 1517 3. Excommunicatedfrom the church 4. Followers form separate church, becoming first Protestants 5. Translates Bible from Latin to German

  25. I. The Reformation C. Conflict between churches leads to religious wars 1. Some begin to look to science instead of religion for answers D. King Henry the 8thended Catholicism in England 1. Wanted a divorce, Pope said no 2. King closed all Catholic Churches in England

  26. E. Counter Reformation 1. Catholic Church’s response to the Reformation i. Stopped selling indulgences ii. Created a new religious order called Jesuits Missionariesto spread Catholicism to New World

  27. Age of Exploration Main Idea: Exploration led to Europeans traveling to and colonizing the Americas, Asia and Africa.

  28. I. The Age of Exploration-Mediterranean Trade A. For centuries, European traveled across the Mediterranean to trade. 1. Most important good-Spices i. Used to preserve food ii. Improved the flavor of food

  29. Trade Routes at 1500 A.D. European River Routes N. Europe to Black Sea Routes Silk Road Trans-Saharan Routes South China Sea Routes Maritime Routes

  30. I. The Age of Exploration-Mediterranean Trade B. Italian merchants controlled the spice trade. 1. Transporting goods long distances was expensivespices are sold at highprices. 2. Trading directly with Asia would allow for bigger profits. 3.European began to search for new routes to Asia.

  31. II. Motives for Exploration A. Gold-Explorers wanted to make money from trading valuable goods. B. Glory-Explorers brought pride to their nations by conquering new lands C. God-Christians wanted to spread their religion to people they believed did not have one

  32. III. Exploring Africa and South America • Europeans founded many new colonies in Africa and South America. 1. Imperialism-Controlling the governments and economies of another territory

  33. 2. Major effect on the indigenous people • Explorers and colonists spread diseases like small pox, malaria and measles i. Killedtens of thousands to indigenous people b. Religious conversion by Christian missionaries c. Slavery

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