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Module 5: Creating IPv4 Address Spaces

Module 5: Creating IPv4 Address Spaces. Module 5: Creating IPv4 Address Spaces. Overview of IP Communication Subnetting Overview Subnetting for Complex Networks. Lesson 1: Overview of IP Communication. What Are the IPv4 Address Classes? What Is ARP?

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Module 5: Creating IPv4 Address Spaces

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  1. Module 5: Creating IPv4 Address Spaces

  2. Module 5: Creating IPv4 Address Spaces • Overview of IP Communication • Subnetting Overview • Subnetting for Complex Networks

  3. Lesson 1: Overview of IP Communication • What Are the IPv4 Address Classes? • What Is ARP? • IPv4 Communication Within a Single Network • IPv4 Communication Between Networks • Demonstration: Using ARP

  4. What Are the IPv4 Address Classes? Network ID Host ID 0 w x y z Network ID Host ID 1 0 w x y z Network ID Host ID 1 1 0 w x y z Class ALarge Network Class BMedium Network Class CSmall Network

  5. What Is ARP? The ARP protocol: • Resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses • Provides MAC addresses for IP frames • Dynamically stores MAC addresses in the ARP cache The ARP tool: • Displays the ARP cache • Removes entries from the ARP cache • Adds static entries to the ARP cache

  6. IPv4 Communication Within a Single Network • Determine local or remote network • Resolve destination IP to MAC address • Address packet • Deliver packet to destination 1 2 3 4 IP: 192.168.55.23MAC: 00:43:D2:ED:1A:98 IP: 192.168.55.99MAC: 2C:33:85:C2:AA:32 Computer A Computer B

  7. IPv4 Communication Between Networks 1 2 3 4 • Determine local or remote network • Resolve default gateway IP to MAC address • Address and deliver packet to default gateway • Resolve destination IP to MAC address • Address and deliver packet to destination 5 IP: 192.168.55.23MAC: 00:43:D2:ED:1A:98 IP: 192.168.37.99MAC: 2C:33:85:C2:AA:32 IP: 192.168.55.1MAC: 6B:11:43:75:CB:11 IP: 192.168.37.1MAC: 6B:11:43:75:CB:12 Computer A Computer B

  8. Demonstration: Using ARP In this demonstration, you will see how to use ARP

  9. Lesson 2: Subnetting Overview • How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers • What Is a Subnet? • How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask • How the Computer Determines Whether an IP Address Is Local or Remote

  10. How Dotted Decimal Notation Relates to Binary Numbers Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 8-Bit Octet 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Decimal Value

  11. What Is a Subnet? 131.107.3.27 131.107.12.7 131.107.10.12 131.107.12.31 Subnet 2131.107.3.0 Main Network131.107.12.0 Router Router Subnet 1131.107.10.0

  12. How Bits Are Used in a Subnet Mask Class B Address with Subnet 32 2 8 254 128 64 16 4 0 Number of Subnets 254 Network ID Subnet ID Host ID 1 0 65,534 16,256 32,512 4,064 8,128 508 2,032 1,016 254 Number of Hosts 254

  13. How the Computer Determines Whether an IP Address Is Local or Remote Local and destination hosts’ IP addresses are each ANDed with their subnet masks 1 AND 1 = 1 Other combinations = 0 If ANDed results of source and destination hosts match, the destination is local 10011111 11100000 00000111 10000001 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 IP AddressSubnet Mask Result 10011111 11100000 00000000 00000000

  14. Lesson 3: Subnetting for Complex Networks • Determining the Number of Subnet Bits • Determining the Number of Host Bits • Calculating Network Addresses • Demonstration: Subnetting

  15. Determining the Number of Subnet Bits You should: • Choose the number of subnet bits based on the number of subnets required • Use 2n to determine the number of subnets available from n bits For five locations, three subnet bits are required • 5 locations = 5 subnets required • 22 = 4 subnets (not enough) • 23 = 8 subnets

  16. Determining the Number of Host Bits You should: • Choose the number of host bits based on the number of hosts required on each subnet • Use 2n-2 to determine the number of hosts available on each subnet available from n bits For subnets 100 hosts, seven host bits are required • 26-2 = 62 hosts (not enough) • 27-2 = 126 hosts

  17. Calculating Network Addresses To determine the Network IDs: • 172.16.0.0 will be subnetted using three bits • The subnet mask is 255.255.11100000.0 • The lowest value bit in the subnet mask is the network ID increment The network IDs increment by 32 • 172.16.0.0 • 172.16.32.0 • 172.16.64.0 • 172.16.96.0 • 172.16.128.0 • 172.16.160.0 • 172.16.192.0 • 172.16.224.0

  18. Demonstration: Subnetting In this demonstration, you will see how to perform subnetting

  19. Lab: Creating IPv4 Address Spaces • Exercise 1: Defining the Subnet Mask for a WAN • Exercise 2: Defining the Hosts for a Network Estimated time: 60 minutes

  20. Lab Review • What is the value of the host bits for the network address? • What is the value of the host bits for the broadcast address on a subnet?

  21. Module Review and Takeaways • Review Questions • Real-world Issues and Scenarios • Best Practices

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