1 / 46

The Ankle and Foot

The Ankle and Foot. ESAT 3600 Fundamentals of Athletic Training. Joints of the Ankle and Foot. Tibiofibular joint Ankle ( Talocrural ) joint Distal end of tibia fibula & Talus Subtalar joint Divisions of foot. Ankle Joint (Mortise -and- Tenon Joint). Mortise Recess or hole

bryson
Download Presentation

The Ankle and Foot

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. The Ankle and Foot ESAT 3600 Fundamentals of Athletic Training

  2. Joints of the Ankle and Foot • Tibiofibular joint • Ankle (Talocrural) joint • Distal end of tibia fibula & Talus • Subtalar joint • Divisions of foot

  3. Ankle Joint (Mortise-and-TenonJoint) • Mortise • Recess or hole • Lateral and medial malleolus • Tenon • Peg • Talus • Tenon fits into mortise

  4. Skeletal Review (Lower Leg) • Tibia • Medial malleolus • Fibula • Lateral Malleolus

  5. Skeletal Review (Foot) • Talus • Calcaneus • Navicular • Cuneiform 1-3 • Cuboid • Metatarsals • Phalanges

  6. Medial/Lateral View of Foot • Sustentaculumtali • Sinus tarsi • Neck of talus • Head of talus • Body of talus

  7. Ligaments of Ankle and Foot • Distal Tibiofibular • Interosseous membrane • Anterior tibiofibular ligament • Posterior tibiofibular ligament • Posterior • Talocalcaneals • Lateral • Posterior • medial

  8. Medial Ligaments • Deltoid • Tibionavicular • Tibiocalcaneal • Tibiotatalar • Calcaneonavicular • Spring ligament

  9. Deltoid Ligament • Very strong • Prevents eversion • Difficult to rupture • Usually involves either avulsion fracture or spiral fracture of tibia

  10. Lateral Ligaments • Anterior Talofibular • Inversion and plantar flexion • Calcaneofibular • inversion • Posterior talofibular

  11. Retinaculum • Hold tendons in place • Extensor • superior • Inferior • Flexor • Peroneal • Superior • inferior

  12. Ankle Stability • Strong bony stability • Strong ligaments

  13. “Ankle” Movements • Talocrural • Plantar flexion • Dorsiflexion • Subtaler • Inversion • Eversion • Abduction • Adduction

  14. Axis of Rotation for Ankle • Axis not truly horizontal • Tilt causes movement to not be truly in sagittal plane

  15. Arthrokinematics of Talocrural Joint

  16. Axis of Rotation For Subtalar • Axis not truly horizontal • Arthrokinematics • Sliding

  17. Ankle & Subtalar • Oblique nature of joints causes movements to occur together • P-flexion with inversion and adduction • Supination • D-flexion with eversion and abduction • Pronation of foot

  18. Stability/Mobility of Subtalar Joint • Subtalar joint is main connection between mobility and stability of ankle complex • Allows adaptive movements of foot • Shape of talus contributes to stability • Wedge shape • Ligaments of ankle/subtalar joint play significant role in stability

  19. Function of the Foot • Transmit loads between lower leg and ground • Static • Dynamic • Shock absorption • Propulsion

  20. Transverse Tarsal Joint • AKA • Mid-tarsal joint • Chopart’s joint • 2 articulations • Talonavicular joint • Calcaneocuboid joint

  21. Axis of Rotation for Transverse Tarsal Joint • Oblique • Abduction and dorsiflexion • Adduction and plantarflexion • Longitudinal • Eversion • Inversion

  22. Transverse Tarsal Joint • Adds to: • Pronation of foot • Supination of foot • Especially on uneven and unstable surfaces

  23. Medial Longitudinal Arch • Shock absorber • Load-bearing structure • Load distribution • Rearfoot = 60% • Midfoot = 8% • Forefoot = 28%

  24. Abnormal Shape of Medial Longitudinal Arch • PesPlanus • PesCavus

  25. Distal Intertarsal Joints • Cuneonavicular joints • Cuboideonavicular joint • Intercuneiform joint complex • Cuneocuboid joint complex

  26. Tarsometatarsal Joints

  27. Additional Joints • Intermetatarsal joints • Metatarsophalangeal joints • Interphalangeal joints

  28. Muscles of the Anterior Compartment • Tibialis anterior • Extensor digitorumlongus • Extensor hallucislongus • Peroneustertius • Innervation • Deep Peroneal nerve

  29. Muscles of the Lateral Compartment of the leg • PeroneusLongus • PeroneusBrevis • Innervation • Superficial peroneal nerve

  30. Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg • Superficial (P-Flexors) • Gastrocnemius • Soleus • Plantaris • Deep (Invertors) • Tibialis Posterior • Flexor digitorumlongus • Flexor hallucislongus • Innervation • Tibial

  31. Muscles and Joint Actions

  32. Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot • Layer 1 • Flexor digitorumbrevis • Abductor hallucis • Abductor digitiminimi

  33. Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot • Layer 2 • Quadratusplantae • Lumbricals

  34. Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot • Layer 3 • Adductor hallucis • Flexor hallucisbrevis • Flexor digitiminimi • Layer 4 • Plantar interossei • Dorsal interossei

  35. Tibialis Anterior • O: lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane, deep fascia and lateral intermuscular septum • I: plantar surface of base of 1st metatarsal and medial plantar surface of 1st cuneiform • A: dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle • RO-IA: active in standing balance mechanism (A/P sway)

  36. Extensor Digitorum Longus • O: lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal ¾ of anterior surface on body of fibula, proximal portion of the interosseous membrane, deep fascia and intermuscular septa • I: divides into 4 tendons, inserts on dorsal surfaces of the bases of the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes. • A: extends lateral 4 toes, dorsiflexes and everts foot at ankle

  37. Extensor Hallucis Longus • O: middle ½ of anterior surface of the fibula and the adjacent interosseus membrane • I: dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of big toe • A: extends distal phalanx of big toe; extends proximal phalanx, dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle

  38. Peroneus Tertius • O: distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane and adjacent intermuscular septum • I: dorsal surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal • A: dorsiflexes and everts foot at the ankle

  39. Peroneus Longus • O: head and proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula, intermuscular septa and adjacent fascia • I: lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal • A: eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at ankle; lateral stability to ankle

  40. Peroneus Brevis • O: distal 2/3 of lateral surface of the body of fibula and adjacent intermuscular septa • I: tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal • A: eversion and plantar flexion of foot at the ankle; lateral stability to ankle

  41. Gastrocnemius • O: lateral condyle and posterior surface of femur, capsule of knee joint. Medial condyle and adjacent part of femur • I: posterior surface of calcaneus by means of Achilles tendon • A: plantar flexion and inversion of foot, flexes leg at knee (especially when foot is dorsiflexed)

  42. Soleus • O: posterior surface of head and upper 1/3 of shaft of fibula, soleal line and middle 1/3 of medial border of tibia, tendinous arch between tibia and fibula • I: posterior surface of calcaneus by means of Achilles tendon • A: plantar flexion and inversion of foot at the ankle • RO-IA: active in standing balance mechanism (forward sway)

  43. Plantaris • O: lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur and from oblique popliteal ligament of knee joint • I: posterior part of calcaneus medial to Achilles tendon • A: plantar flexes and inverts foot at ankle, flexes leg at knee

  44. Flexor Digitorum Longus • O: posterior surface of middle 3/5 of tibia • I: divides into 4 tendons, insert on the plantar surfaces of bases of distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes • A: flexes phalanges at all interphalangeal and metatarsophalangeal articulations of 2nd-5th toes, plantar flexes and inverts foot at ankle

  45. Flexor Hallucis Longus • O: distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane and adjacent intermuscular septa and fascia • I: plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of big toe • A: flexes big toe, aids in plantar flexion and inversion of foot at ankle, gives medial ankle stabilization

  46. Tibialis Posterior • O: lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, intermuscular septa and deep fascia • I: tuberosity of navicular bone w/ branches to sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, plantar surfaces of all 3 cuneiforms and cuboid and bases of 2nd, 3rd, & 4th metatarsals • A: inverts and plantar flexes foot at ankle, medial ankle stabilizer

More Related