By: Kyle, Rachel, and Jackson 6 th period 1/13/09

1. Imperialism in Nigeria By: Kyle, Rachel, and Jackson 6th period 1/13/09

3. Colanization of Nigeria • British colonialism created Nigeria, joining diverse peoples and regions in an artificial political entity.

4. WHYdid the British come to nigeria?? • The Slave Trade • Exploiting raw materials, minerals, and foods • Opening markets for manufactured goods • Missionaries: to convert the natives and to discover natural resources that could be traded as a substitute for slaves • Securing the oil and ivory trade • Safeguard Britain's expanding trade interests in the Nigerian hinterland

6. HOW did the british keep control of Nigeria?? • Occasional armed intervention by the Royal Navy • Posting of consular officials by the foreign office to service the increasing amounts of trade in the ports of Benin and Biafra • Britain changed the currency to pound sterling as a universal medium of exchange • Britain was able to maintain power over Nigeria by using military power, strategic alliances, and collaboration of indigenous rulers

7. Effects of Imperialism • Removal of raw materials results in poor economy • National language is now English due to British European reform • 40% of population are Christian because of European influence • Improvement of transportation and technology European influence • Separation of some indigenous tribes by European made borders

8. Removal of Power • Nigerian s fought in WWII in regiments such as the 5th Battalion., which was an made up entirely of Native Nigerians • Following World War II, Nigerian nationalism and desire for independence grew

9. What groups played a major role in Nigerian Independance • The pulpits of the independent churches provided one of the few available avenues for the free expression of attitudes critical of colonial rule. • In the 1920s, there were several types of associations that were ostensibly nonpolitical. One group consisted of professional and business associations, such as the Nigerian Union of Teachers, which provided trained leadership for political groups; the Nigerian Law Association, which brought together lawyers, many of whom had been educated in Britain; and the Nigerian Produce Traders' Association, led by Obafemi Awolowo.

10. Aba Women's War was a tax revolt in 1929 • In 1928-1930, Aba women rose in mass protest against the oppressive rule of the colonial government. These Igbo women of eastern Nigeria feared that the head-count being carried out by the British was a prelude to women being taxed. The women were unhappy about the over-taxation of their husbands and sons which they felt was pauperizing them and causing economic hardship for the entire community [Van Allen 1972]. They also resented the British imposition on the community of warrant chiefs, many of whom carried out what the women considered to be abusive and extortionist actions such as obtaining wives without paying the full bride wealth and seizure of property. Previously, new village leaders or heads had been democratically chosen and removed by the people themselves. Power had been diffuse; decisions were reached informally or through village assemblies of all adults who chose to attend. While they had less influence than men, women did control local trade and specific crops. Women protected their interests through assemblies. This had been changed by the colonial government which appointed its agents as warrant chiefs to rule over the people. The abuses of the British appointed native judges and tax enumerators impelled the women to stage a protest on 24 November 1929.

11. Aba Women's War ( tax revolt in 1929) • Initially the protest was through song and dance, but it degenerated into looting of European trading stores and attacks on prisons in an attempt to free prisoners. It is estimated that over 50 Igbo women were killed.

12. Results • Successive constitutions legislated by the British Government moved Nigeria further toward self-government • By the middle of the 20th century, the great wave for independence was sweeping across Africa • This pressured the United Kingdom to name Nigeria a self governing nation • Nigeria gained its independence from the United Kingdom On October 1, 1960

13. Azikiwe, Nnamdi • the founder of modern Nigerian nationalism • the first President of Nigeria, holding the position throughout the Nigerian First Republic. From 1960 until 1963 he was Governor-General of independent Nigeria. From 1963 until ousted by a coup in 1966

14. Current State of Nigeria • Natural Resources: Natural Gas, Petroleum, tin, coal, limestone, lead, and zinc • Current Issues: soil degradation, oil pollution, water pollution, fast deforestation. water, air, and soil have suffered damage from oil spills. • Population: 146, 255, 312… most populous country in Africa • Diseases: Hepatitis A, Typhoid Fever (food or waterborne diseases), Malaria, Yellow Fever (vector borne diseases) • Religions: 40% Christian, 50% Muslim, and 10% other religions • Government type: federal republic • Agriculture is not substantial enough to provide for the rapidly growing population • Once large net exporter of food but now must import food • Gross Domestic Product: 90.52 billion • Debt: $5.815 billion (as of 2007)

15. Current State of Nigeria • Agriculture Products: cocoa, palm oil, corn, tapioca, rubber, oats, pigs, and fish • Import Partners: 10.7% China, 8.4% U.S.A., 6.2% Netherlands, 5.8% the U.K., 5.6% France, 5.1% Brazil, 4.5% Germany (as of 2006) • Due to political instability, inadequate infrastructure, and poor economic management have lead to current reforms. Nigeria Trading with China