Rise of Rome: From Republic to Empire

1. Warm Up • Republic • Patrician • Consul • Senate • QFT: “All roads lead to Rome.” • Generate as many questions as possible about this statement.

2. Ancient Rome and the Rise of Christianity Mullin

3. The Roman World Takes Shape Section 1

4. Roman Civilization Arises in Italy • Italian peninsula is centrally located in the Mediterranean Sea, and the city of Rome sits toward the center of Italy.

5. Unifying the lands of Italy • Italy was much easier to unify than Greece: • Not broken up into small, isolated valleys • Apennine mountains are less rugged than the mountains of Greece • Has broad fertile plains in the north and west.

6. Early Peoples Settle Italy • By 800 B.C. the Latins migrated to Italy. • The Latins settled along the Tiber River. • Etruscans lived north of Rome and ruled much of central Italy • Romans adopted the Etruscan alphabet, engineering, and gods and goddesses.

7. The Romans Establish a Republic • 509 B.C. marks the beginning of the Roman state when the Romans drove out their Etruscan ruler. • Form of government was called a res publica or “that which belongs to the people”. • People chose some of the officials • Prevent any individual from gaining too much power.

8. Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvsbfoKgG-8 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQlwFiE0Lsw

9. Structuring the Republic • Senate was the most powerful governing body. • 300 members were patricians. • Senators served for life. • Senators nominated two consuls from the patrician class whose job was to supervise the business of government and command the armies. -Consuls only served once to limit power.

10. Structuring the Republic • In the event of war, the senate might choose a dictator, or ruler who has complete control over a government. • Ruled for 6 months • Organize an army and lead them to victory.

11. Plebeians fight for their rights • Plebeians= the farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders who made up the bulk of the population. • Plebeians elected tribunes to protect their interests. • The tribunes could reject laws that they felt were harmful to plebeians • Forced the government to write down the Roman laws on twelve tablets.

12. Laws on Twelve Tablets

13. Activity • Roman Republic PSA-”How democratic was the Roman Republic?” • Read timeline and provided sources. • Answer corresponding questions including the final question in ONE paragraph. • Temp Check: “Was the Roman Republic democratic?” Choose yes/no and provide three pieces of evidence.

14. Warm Up • Plebeian • Tribune • Mosaic • Engineering • Aqueducts

15. Roman Society

16. The role of women changes over time • Roman women played a larger role in society than did Greek women. • They could own property • Ran businesses • Patrician women went to public events with their husbands • Some had political influence *Most women however worked at home, raising families, spinning, and weaving.

17. Videos • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/trajan-market?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/where-did-it-come-from-ancient-rome---mobile-society?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/evolution-of-the-roman-forum?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

18. Romans Educate Children • Upper and lower class children learned to read and write • Children memorized major events and developments in Roman history • Rhetoric was an important subject for boys who wanted to pursue political careers.

19. Mars and Jupiter

20. Citizen-soldiers make up the Roman army • Loyal and well-trained army. • Basic military unit was the legion, each of which included 5,000 men. • Originally men fought without being paid and had to provide their own weapons • Eventually they received a small stipend but their main compensation was always a share of the spoils of victory.

21. Roman Legion

22. Video • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IY-Hcr4bB3U

23. Rome is just with conquered lands • Treated its defeated enemies with justice • Conquered people had to acknowledge Roman leadership, pay taxes, and supply soldiers for the Roman army.

24. Activity • Finish last class primary source analysis.

25. Warm Up • Veto • Assassination • Romulus • Remus

26. Activity • Read the introduction for 5 minutes to yourself. • Log on to my teacher page and click on World History. • Download the webquest so to access the embedded links. • Complete hard copy of webquest. • Complete an advertisement about Rome. • Included the following: • 3 images and 2 people • Title • A slogan for why people should come to Rome. • 1 paragraph explaining why Rome is so great.

27. Warm Up • Carthage • Hellenism • Hannibal • Punic Wars

28. Rome grows through conquest • Rome’s conquest of the Italian peninsula brought it into conflict with Carthage, a city-state on the northern coast of Africa. • ON ITS WAY TO BECOMING AN EMPIRE DUE TO EXTENSIVE ROADS BUILT FROM CONQUEST. • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-roman-roads?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/ancient-roman-super-highway?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/where-did-it-come-from-ancient-rome---mobile-society?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

29. Rome fights Carthage in the Punic Wars • In the first Punic War Rome defeated Carthage and won the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia.

30. 2nd Punic War • In the 2nd Punic War Carthage sought revenge. • Carthage General Hannibal led an army with dozens of war elephants and men • Was winning battles all across Italy • Failed to capture Rome itself. • Romans will eventually defeat Hannibal

31. Video Clip • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/hamilcar-barca-and-the-punic-wars?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/hannibals-dangerous-alliances?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nuVb51MGERY • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/hannibals-war-elephants?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

32. 3rd Punic War • Rome completely destroyed Carthage. • Survivors were killed or sold into slavery. • The Romans were not masters of the Western Mediterranean.

33. Ruling the Mediterranean • Romans were committed to Imperialism= Establishing control over foreign lands and peoples. • Controlled the Hellenistic rulers who had divided the empire of Alexander the Great. • Controlled Macedonia, Greece, and parts of Asia Minor

34. The Impact at Home • Conquest of trade routes brought riches to Rome. • Wealthy Romans bought up huge estates called latifundia. • Forced people to work on the latifundia. • Gap between rich and poor widened and angry mobs began to riot.

35. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FKCmyiljKo0

36. Making Attempts at Reform • Two Patrician brothers names Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the first to bring reform. • Tiberius wanted the state to distribute land to poor farmers. • Gaius Gracchus wanted to use public funds to buy grain to feed the poor.

37. Activity Punic Wars Webquest https://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/westciv/punicwar/ • Log on to website. • Complete questions on a separate sheet of paper. Bullet points are acceptable. • Finish for HW.

38. Warm Up • Pax Romana • Mercenary • Etruscans • Livy and Tacitus

39. The Roman Republic Declines • Rome plunged into a series of civil wars • Slave uprisings

40. Julius Caesar the Dictator • In 58 B.C., Caesar set out with his army to make new conquests. After 9 years of fighting, he completed the conquest of Gaul • Some people in the Senate wanted Caesar to disband his army, but he fought on. • “I came, I saw, I conquered” he said after announcing one victory.

41. Julius Caesar

42. Caesar Makes Reforms • He launched a program of public works to employ the jobless and gave public land to the poor. • Granted Roman citizenship to more people • Introduced a new calendar based on that of the Egyptians.

43. Video Clip • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FvgP5hO99o • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/ancient-rome/videos/julius-caesar?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

44. Caesar Killed, War Follows • Caesar’s enemies worried that he planned to make himself King of Rome so they planned to kill him. • In 44 B.C. Caesar arrived in the senate and his enemies stabbed him to death. • This brought on a new round of Civil Wars. • Octavian and Mark Anthony joined forces to hunt down the murderers.

45. Activity-Webquest • Pair up. Each person will be assigned 1 reading. • After reading, complete T chart in which you provide evidence for Caesar being both a hero and a tyrant/dictator. • After reading-work together to construct an obituary. • Directions for obituary or on the very back page. JUST DO INTO AND 1st PARAGRAPH!

46. Warm Up • Julius Caesar • Caesar Augustus • Mark Antony • Cleopatra

47. Quiz • Complete quiz (10 mins). • Trade with a partner and correct (5 mins). • Turn in EOC.

48. Activity • http://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/cleopatra • Read PS about Cleopatra • Answer corresponding questions and complete graphic organizer. • Prepare to present. • Due EOC.

49. Warm Up • St. Paul the Apostle • Constantine • Colloseum • Christianity

50. The Roman Achievement