1 / 19

Dimensions of Articulation

Dimensions of Articulation. January 20, 2014. This Week. Have a go at: Chapter 1, Exercise D Chapter 1, Exercise E Chapter 1, Exercise F Note: this is a graded homework exercise. Also: I will be here on Friday;

bruno
Download Presentation

Dimensions of Articulation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Dimensions of Articulation January 20, 2014

  2. This Week • Have a go at: • Chapter 1, Exercise D • Chapter 1, Exercise E • Chapter 1, Exercise F • Note: this is a graded homework exercise. • Also: I will be here on Friday; • Jacqueline will lead you through some practice transcriptions on Monday of next week.

  3. Vowel Systems before , part 1 • Rhotic dialects vary in the number of vowel distinctions that can be made before . • System 1: five vowels fear Coors weary fare four wary lorry far sorry • No distinctions between: Also: no or ‘fur’

  4. Vowel Systems before , part 2  System 2: four vowels fear weary fare four, Coors wary lorry far sorry • Also missing distinction: • Only four vowel phonemes: • /i/ /o/ • /e/ /a/

  5. Vowel Systems before , part 3  (Canadian) System 3: five (?) + three vowels fear Coors weary fare four wary lorry, sorry far  (Canadian) System 4: five (?) + two (?) vowels fear Coors weary, wary fare four lorry, sorry far

  6. Vowel Systems before , part 4  System 5: lots of vowels before fear Coors weary lurid fare four Mary lorry far merry Murray marry sorry

  7. Canadian Raising • Another characteristic of Canadian English is the “raising” of the first part of the diphthongs and . • In both cases, [a]  • “Raising” because low  mid • This happens only in certain sound environments: • “out” “loud” • “write” “ride” • “pipe” “bribe” • “like”

  8. Canadian Raising (Canadian) Jon (American) Steve “house” “howl” “bike” “bile” • For fun: switch Jon’s vowels in “bike” and “bile” • Also compare: • (Canadian) Aaron: • (American) Steve: • And, lastly, (Canadian?) Amber:

  9. Consonants • To understand the Canadian Raising pattern, it helps to know more about the way consonants are produced. • Consonants productions may be characterized along a series of articulatory dimensions. • The first dimension to consider is: airstream mechanism. • Most speech sounds use a pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism. • = air is pushed out of the lungs • it’s possible to produce pulmonic ingressive sounds; give it a try.

  10. Mid-Sagittal Diagram

  11. Dimension 2: Phonation • On the way out of the lungs • Air passes through the trachea • Reaches the larynx • The larynx consists of two “vocal folds” which may be opened and closed. If the vocal folds are: • 1. open: air passes cleanly through (voiceless sound) • 2. closed: air does not pass through (no sound) • 3. lightly brought together: vocal folds vibrate in passing air • (= voiced sound)

  12. Voicing, Schematized Voiceless (folds open) Voiced (folds together)

  13. Laryngoscopy Source: http://homepage.mac.com/changcy/endo.htm

  14. Voicing, in Reality

  15. Some Voicing Distinctions • Among English consonants: • VoicelessVoicedVoicelessVoiced • [f] [v] [p] [b] • [t] [d] • [s] [z] [k] [g]

  16. Voicing Allophony • Vowels are longer before voiced consonants than voiceless consonants. • Length is denoted with the [:] diacritic. ‘feed’ [fi:d] vs. ‘feet’ [fit] • Note that Canadian Raising occurs before voiceless consonants. • voiceless: ‘out’ ‘write’ • voiced: ‘bribe’ ‘ride’

  17. Layers • Canadian Raising occurs when and are followed by a voiceless consonant. • The voiceless consonant does not need to be at the end of a word. • Interesting examples: • ‘rider’ • ‘writer’ • Note: flap is voiced. • The voiceless consonant which induces Canadian Raising does not need to be voiceless on the phonetic “surface”! • The technical term for this is phonological opacity.

  18. More Voicing Allophony • Consonants at the ends of words are sometimes devoiced. • Voicelessness is denoted with the [ ] diacritic. • ‘lose’ ‘peas’ • Also: ‘languages’ example from homework #1. • You can sometimes get contrasts in English like: • ‘peace’ ‘peas’ • /l/ and can be (partially) voiceless in English when they follow an aspirated consonant: • ‘play’

  19. Aspiration Allophony • /p/, /t/, and /k/ are aspirated if: • They are at the beginning of a stressed syllable. • They are not preceded by /s/. • Ex:

More Related