Public Policy

2. Public Policy

4. Roots of Public Policy: The Policy-Making ProcessLO 17.1: Trace the stages of the policy-making process. Theories of Public Policy Elite theory Bureaucratic theory Interest group theory Pluralist theory To Learning Objectives

5. A Model of the Policy-Making Process The stages of the process Problem recognition and definition Agenda setting Policy formulation Policy adoption Budgeting Policy implementation Policy evaluation To Learning Objectives LO 17.1

6. Economic Policy

7. Roots of Economic PolicyLO 18.1: Trace the evolution of economic policy in the United States. The 19th century: laissez faire and business cycles The Progressive era The Great Depression and the New Deal Social regulation Deregulation To Learning Objectives

8. Fiscal PolicyLO 18.2: Assess the impact of the budget process on fiscal policy. Government maintains economic stability through taxing and spending policies known as fiscal policy: Keynesian economics First serious use was in 1960s. Revenue Act of 1964 reduced personal and corporate income tax rates. Large partisan divide over government spending and budget deficits. To Learning Objectives

9. The Budget Used to fund government programs and stabilize the economy Raising and spending money The congressional budget process Budget deficits and debt To Learning Objectives LO 18.2

10. Monetary PolicyLO 18.3: Analyze the effect of the Federal Reserve System on monetary policy. Government also stabilizes the economy through monetary policy: managing the money supply and influencing interest rates. The Federal Reserve System (The Fed) The tools of monetary policy Setting of the reserve requirement Control of the discount rate Open market operations To Learning Objectives

11. Income Security PolicyLO 18.4: Describe the evolution of income security policy in the United States. The foundation of income security policy The Great Depression The New Deal The Social Security Act of 1935 To Learning Objectives

12. Income Security Programs Today Many income security programs are entitlement programs Non-means-tested programs Social security Unemployment insurance Means-tested programs Supplemental security income (SSI) TANF and SNAP Earned Income tax credit program To Learning Objectives LO 18.4

13. Toward Reform: Recession and Economic RecoveryLO 18.5: Evaluate the role of fiscal, monetary, and income security policy in the economic recession and recovery. Fiscal policy TARP ARRA Monetary Policy Income Security Policy Evaluating the Government’s Response To Learning Objectives

14. Foreign and Defense Policy

15. Roots of U.S. Foreign and Defense PolicyLO 19.1: Trace the evolution of U.S. foreign and defense policy. Isolationism in the early republic Growing power and influence World War I and the League of Nations The interwar years To Learning Objectives

16. Isolationism in the Early Republic The Embargo Act of 1807 The War of 1812 The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 To Learning Objectives LO 19.1

17. Growing Power and Influence Trade policy and commerce Expansionism and manifest destiny Dominance over the western hemisphere The Roosevelt Corollary of 1904 Interest in Asia The Spanish-American War To Learning Objectives LO 19.1

18. World War I and the League of Nations World War I League of Nations Collective security Failure to pass the Treaty of Versailles To Learning Objectives LO 19.1

19. The Interwar Years Disarmament Isolationism The Kellogg-Briand Pact To Learning Objectives LO 19.1

20. The United States as a World PowerLO 19.2: Explain the developments that led to the rise of the United States as a world power. World War II and its aftermath The Cold War and containment Détente and human rights The Post-Cold War world The war on terrorism To Learning Objectives

21. The Cold War and Containment Containment The Truman Doctrine The Marshall Plan North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) The Cold War Latin American: The Cuban Missile Crisis The Vietnam War To Learning Objectives LO 19.2

22. Détente and Human Rights Nixon and detente The “China card” The SALT agreements Carter and human rights The Reagan Doctrine Afghanistan To Learning Objectives LO 19.2

23. The Post-Cold War World Operation Desert Storm Clinton and enlargement Economic: The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Political To Learning Objectives LO 19.2

24. The War on Terrorism September 11 and the war in Afghanistan The war in Iraq To Learning Objectives LO 19.2

25. Foreign and Defense Policy Decision MakingLO 19.3: Outline the actors that shape foreign and defense policy decision making. The Constitution The Executive Branch The President The National Security Council The Departments of State, Defense, and Homeland Security The Intelligence community To Learning Objectives

26. Congress Oversight Treaties and executive agreements Appointments – weakly exercised Appropriations The War Powers Act To Learning Objectives LO 19.3

27. Interest Groups Other actors can become active in foreign policy decision-making The military industrial complex News media, which acts as a filter Public opinion, interest, and action Nongovernmental organizations To Learning Objectives LO 19.3

28. Contemporary Challenges in Foreign and Defense PolicyLO 19.4: Identify four foreign and defense policy challenges confronting the United States. Trade Immigration and border security Terrorism Nuclear weapons To Learning Objectives

29. Trade Free trade system Making trade policy NAFTA WTO The Case of China 1949-1979 economic isolation The U.S.-China bilateral trade agreement (1979) 2001 China joins WTO To Learning Objectives LO 19.4

30. Immigration and Border Security Making immigration policy Open door policy Restrictive quotas Border blockades The case of Mexico To Learning Objectives LO 19.4

31. Terrorism Making counterterrorism policy Diplomacy – get other states on board Military power Economic power Covert operations The case of Al-Qaeda To Learning Objectives LO 19.4

32. Nuclear Weapons Making arms proliferation policy disarmament arms control denial defensive weapons counterproliferation The case of North Korea The International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA) To Learning Objectives LO 19.4

33. To Learning Objectives Figure 17.1: What are the stages of the public policy process? Back

34. To Learning Objectives Figure 18.1: How has the national minimum wage changed over time? Back

35. To Learning Objectives Figure 18.3: How does the federal government raise and spend money? Back

36. To Learning Objectives Table 18.1: How is the federal budget made? Back

37. To Learning Objectives Figure 18.2: Who holds U.S. debt? Back

38. To Learning Objectives Figure 18.4: How does the Federal Reserve System work? Back

39. To Learning Objectives Table 18.2: How many Americans benefit from income security programs? Back

40. To Learning Objectives Figure 18.6: Where did the economic stimulus funds go? Back

41. To Learning Objectives Figure 19.1: How has defense spending changed over time? Back

42. To Learning Objectives Figure 19.2: Who are the United States’ major trading partners? Back