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ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

. . . . . . . . . Societal culture. Organizational Cultures (societal subcultures). . . Organizational subcultures. . . . . . Cultures and subcultures. Organizational Subcultures. Occupational (R

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ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

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    1. ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Chapter 6

    3. Organizational Subcultures Occupational (R&D, legal) Work group (teams, branch offices) Hierarchical (top mgt, middle, workers) Previous affiliations (merger, acquisition, joint venture) Siehl & Martin’s study Enhancing (support corporate values) Orthogonal (exist independently) Counter (defy corporate values)

    4. Subcultures Siehl & Martin

    5. Organizational Culture: The way we do things around here Shared understandings and expectations Norms, values, beliefs and assumptions that influence how we think, feel and act in given contexts Expressed in artifacts and symbols

    6. Ethnography (cultural description) Data collection participant observation interviews Analysis Search for patterns and themes Test emerging interpretations with new data Description (write up)

    9. Hofstede’s Dimensions of Culture Individualism Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Masculinity/femininity Time orientation (long vs short run)

    11. Table 6.2 Artifacts of Organizational Culture

    12. Corporate Values Disney corporate values: Wholesome American values (Mom, apple pie) Creativity, dreams, imagination Attention to detail Control of Disney magic Sony corporate values: Not following others (be a pioneer) Doing the impossible Individual ability and creativity Joy and pleasure

    15. Symbolic-Interpretive Influences Social life as a negotiated order (Strauss) Social accomplishment of everyday life (Garfinkel) Meaning depends on the context Thick description (Geertz)

    16. Symbolic-Interpretive Approaches Symbols, symbolism, symbolic behavior Organizational stories, narratives & narrating The Theatre Metaphor: Dramaturgy & performativity

    17. Symbols, Symbolism and Symbolic Behavior Symbols carry multiple meanings, contextually-based, which can influence action. Denotative meanings ~ instrumental use Connotative meanings ~ expressive use

    18. Organizational Narratives Accounts and stories of real events. Involve plots and characters. Incorporate storytelling (how the story is told). Stories can be abbreviated by organizational members (Boje). Our life stories and experience are narratives (MacIntyre).

    19. Narrative Epistemology (Van Maanen)

    20. The Theatre Metaphor Performativity Words do things. Utterances perform actions.

    21. The Theatre Metaphor Dramaturgy Interaction is a performance. organizational actors perform roles as if on stage. Individuals and teams cooperate in a performance and follow scripts or pre-established patterns of action.

    22. Some Postmodern Ideas Intertextuality Culture as Fragmentation Deconstructing Organizational Culture Polyphony & Dialogue Irony

    23. Intertextuality (Kristeva) Texts (i.e., everything - written, spoken, actions, events, etc) are interwoven, written and rewritten by many different authors/readers over time and space. Organizational culture continually emerges in the intertextual weaving of actions, interactions, identities, symbols, written texts,objects etc.

    24. Intertextuality (Kristeva) Any text is a mosaic of references to or quotations from other texts, it does not exist in isolation, it is always involved in a dialogue with other texts. Intertextuality is not simply accomplished via the influence of one author on another, though such influence is one of its modes. The relationships between texts are multiple and complex in both synchronic (during a given evolutionary stage) and diachronic (historical evolution through time) directions.

    25. Culture as Fragmentation Organizational cultures are ambiguous, fragmented,mutiplicitous… There is no consensus as interpretations shift constantly. Arenas of competing truth claims, stories, and power struggles.

    26. Deconstructing Organizational Culture to … expose dominant narratives and ideologies. explore how narratives privilege some groups over others. see whose voices are silenced and marginalized. uncover multiple and opposing interpretations. surface simulacra and manipulation.

    27. Culture as Polyphony & Dialogue Organizations and meanings emerge in dialogue between people: In a present context In the relationship of utterances in time and over time Through many voices (polyphony)

    30. Organizational Culture in Summary…

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