EURASIA – MENA Mining, Industrial Minerals and Mineable Energy Trade & Investment Summit MAY 16 TH -17 TH , 20

1. EURASIA – MENA Mining,Industrial Minerals and Mineable Energy Trade & Investment SummitMAY 16TH -17TH , 2012Istanbul-Turkey WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works and Possibilities of Erection of New Mines for Production of Coking Coal Dr.-Ing. Hayri Ergun Independent Consulting Engineer

2. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Miners who are involved in the production of coal, in the carbonization techniques and in the iron and steel industry who know the importance of Coking Coal for our Insutrial Development.

3. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works In our Days the Wonder Word “Clean Coal Technology” is a Basic Assumption in Respect to cover the demand of the Iron and Steel Industry , to CO2 as well as to Climatic Environmental Discussion.

4. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works The Institutions of the Montan and Mining Industry are therefore Germ Cells for the New Technologies and New Products.

5. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works The Readiness and the Courage for New Ways should be further in the Future Driving Forces for the Industry.

6. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Only so we could secure the competitiveness and keep exisiting jobs and create new ones.

7. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Therefore it should be one of our most important aimes to strengthen the Innovative Dynamic of the Economy

8. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works With the Coke Oven Schwelgern the Company ThyssenKrupp Stahl AG has the most modern and clean Coke Oven of the World in the industrial Location Duisburg in Germany since March 2003.

9. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Coke Oven Schwelgern

10. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Coke Oven Schwelgern

11. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works The Construction of the Coke Oven Schwelgern at the Turning Point to the 3rd millennium is however not one under many.

12. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works By analogy to the altogether crisis - like development of the Hard Coal Mining and the Iron and Steel Industry in the past decades, also the number of the Coke Ovens were drastically decreased.

13. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works The term “ coal ”is comprising a very wide palette of carbon containing raw materials, that can be classified after the most varied viewpoints.

14. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Bituminous Coal

15. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works If one bases on the respective age as characteristic distinction features, one would designate the youngest coal as a turf coal and the oldest as an anthracite coal.

16. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works The coal can be classified after appearance, fields of application, chemical composition, carbonization technological characteristics, or also after coal microscopic viewpoints.

17. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Corresponding to the age and the mineral deposit conditions, also the process technological treatment of the coal is undertaken in order to be able to use itfor the Coke Production.

18. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works A Mineral Beneficiation Processing of the coal is basically necessary in order to separate the Raw Material from mineral contaminations.

19. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works The classification of coal is generally based on the content of volatiles. However, the exact classification varies between countries. According to the German classification, coal is classified as follows.

20. Coal Classification

21. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Already in the Coal Preparation or later in the Coke Oven the grinding of the coal is undertaken.

22. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works The grinding and comminution of the coarse particles of the coal should create the prerequisite out of carbonization technological view point for a good mixing ability of several coal components.

23. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works The comminution of the coal is however also therefore necessary in order to control special processes in the carbonization (like expansion pressure).

24. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Based on the worldwide shortage of the good quality coking coal and the endeavoring emerging from that to expand the raw material basis for the carbonization, following procedure lines have been developed for the coal blend:

25. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works procedure lines developed for the coal blend Optimization of the coal blend, Conditioning through supplement of pitch and special grog, Intensification through tramping, Mixture through Partial Briquetting, Formed Coke Production.

26. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works With the goal of increasing on the one hand the capacity of the coke ovens, on the other hand to reduce the harmful material emission, around through it to increase the environment contractual situation, the following ways have been followed in the course of the last decades:

27. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Reduction of the chamber width (1960-1970) Reduction of the Runner Stone Thickness Increase of the Flue Chamber Temperature Pre-drying of the coal blend Pre-heating of the coal blend Intensification through special binders Compacting through tramping Coke Dry Quenching Increasing of the chamber width (1980-1990)

28. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works Coal is a very inconsistent material. This heterogeneity is to be attributed to the inconsistent genetic material and in addition also on the different temporal and geothermal influences with the Coalification. Already early was recognized that all coals do not suit themselves to the Carbonization. Prerequisite for a Coking Coal is a sufficient baking capacity.

29. WORLD Coking Coal Supply for Integrated Iron and Steel Works The special characteristic to form a firm baked residue, is to be found only in certain bituminous coals and since beginning of the 20th century again and again object of numerous research & investigations.

30. A Bituminous Coal SEAMIN Pennsylvania, USA Coastal Exposure of the Point Aconi Seam

31. Transportation of Coal by Rail Cars

32. Coke Oven in Wales, UnitedKingdom

33. A Coal Mine in Wyoming / United States. The United States with the world's largest coal reserves

34. Proved Recoverable Coal Reserves at 2008 (million tons (teragrams)

35. Proved Recoverable Coal Reserves WHERE IS COAL FOUND?

36. Coal is stacked onto a stockpile

37. COAL STATISTICS Coal provides 29.6% of global primary energy and generates 42% of the world's electricity

38. COAL STATISTICS  World Total Coal Production  (including hard coal and lignite) 7 229 Mt (2010) 6 823 Mt (2009) 4 677 Mt(1990)

39. COAL STATISTICS World Total Bituminous Coal Production 6 185 Mt (2010):  891 Mt coking coal + 5294Mt steam coal 5 789Mt (2009):  782Mt coking coal + 5007Mt steam coal 3 493Mt (1990):  598Mt coking coal + 2894Mt steam coal

40. Coal & Steel Approximately 13% of total hard coal production is currently used by the steel industry and over 60% of total global steel production is dependent on coal.

41. Coal Trade for SteelProduction International Hard Coal Trade Steam:676 Mt Coking: 262 Mt Total: 938 Mt

42. The Way from Coking Coal to Steel

43. Coal & Steel Worldwide Coking Coal Deficit is estimated to approximaetly 200 MT/a. For the year 2015 it is estimated that the coking coal deficit of China and India will be together around 200 MT/a.

44. Coal & Steel Coking coal price surged to US $300 per tonne in the first quarter of the calendar year 2011. Supply disruptions caused by flooding over Christmas in Australia influenced also the coking coal price.

45. Coal & Steel Because of Shortage of Coking Coal worldwide the possibility of utilizing of non-coking coals for metallurgical coke production especially by Advanced Carbonization Technologies like Formed Coke processes are gaining on increasing importance.

46. Advanced Carbonization Techniques The sucessfull application of the proposed formed coke processes would result in considerable saving by the substitution of essential amounts of coking coals through non-coking coals.

47. Advanced Carbonization Techniques FORMED COKE PRODUCTION The Briquetting of the coal blend under aid of pitch is the first level the Formed Coke Production.

48. Advanced Carbonization Techniques FORMED COKE PROCESS Herewith the components are usually finely ground up, mixed through well and brought by presses in close contact.

49. Advanced CarbonizatiON Techniques FORMED COKE PROCESS The briquettes as such could be carbonized if formed coke is supposed to be produced

50. Advanced CarbonizatiON Techniques FORMED COKE PROCESS The Carbonization cannot take place in the Horizontal Chamber Coke Oven because the Coke Cake has no sufficient Stability.