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The Road to the Great War

The Road to the Great War . M.A.I.N. Causes of the War. MILITARISM. Glorification of the military Arms race and the development of large armies and navies Romantic view of War Harder to use diplomacy. French Calvary going to front, Paris, August 2, 1914. British Troops mobilizing .

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The Road to the Great War

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  1. The Road to the Great War

  2. M.A.I.N.Causes of the War

  3. MILITARISM • Glorification of the military • Arms race and the development of large armies and navies • Romantic view of War • Harder to use diplomacy

  4. French Calvary going to front, Paris, August 2, 1914 British Troops mobilizing

  5. Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.

  6. ALLIANCE SYSTEM • Agreement between two (2) or more powers or nations to come to the defense of one another • Balance of Power • Triple Alliance: AH, Germany and Italy • Triple Entente: GB, France and Russia

  7. Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

  8. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

  9. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]

  10. Central Europe in 1914

  11. IMPERIALISM • Domination by one political, economical, or cultural life of another country or region • Competition for overseas colonies • Need for raw materials for Industry and the build up of the military

  12. European countries divided up Africa and Asia to strengthen the political and economic power of the mother country, which caused competition

  13. NATIONALISM • A strong feeling of pride and devotion to one’s country • Power- wanting to be the biggest and the best • The Balkans “powder keg of Europe” • Alsace and Lorraine (Had changed between the French and Germans 4 times by the end of WWII)

  14. French 1871 German 1871

  15. Nationalism was both a uniting force and a divisive one.  • It resulted in Germany and Italy uniting into strong nations, and also caused the eventual disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. 

  16. BOSNIAN CRISIS • In 1908, Austria-Hungary took over the former Turkish province of Bosnia. • This angered Serbians who felt the province should be theirs. • Serbia threatened AH with war, Russia, allied to Serbia, mobilized its forces.

  17. Germany, allied to AH mobilized its forces and prepared to threaten Russia. • War was avoided when Russia backed down. • There was, however, war in the Balkans between 1911 -12 when the Balkan states drove Turkey out of the area. • The states fought each other over which area should belong to whom.

  18. A-H then intervened and forced Serbia to give up some of its acquisitions. • Tension between Serbia and Austria-Hungary was high.

  19. The Great Powers under the terror of explosion in Balkans at 1912-3

  20. The Spark • What: The assassination of the heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, The Arch-duke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist terrorist group • Where: Sarajevo, Bosnia (Territory of AH) • When: June 28, 1914

  21. The Assassin GavriloPrincip

  22. Sarajevo court room. Front row seated from the left: Trifun Grabež, Nedjelko Čabrinović, Gavrilo Princip, Danilo Ilić, Veljko Čubrilović.

  23. this caused Austria to crack down on the Serbs with German backing (even though Ferdinand was not greatly beloved by the Emperor, Franz Josef, or his government).  • Germany thought a war would solve its own internal problems of civil unrest and so she encouraged Austria’s militancy.  • Austria issued an ultimatum, moved in, and shelled Belgrade – the capital of Serbia.

  24. WHO’S TO BLAME?

  25. Falling Dominoes • Unsatisfied, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914.  • On July 29th, Russia (an ally of Serbia) ordered a partial mobilization only against Austria-Hungary in support of Serbia, which escalated into a general mobilization.  • The Germans threatened war on July 31st if the Russians did not demobilize. 

  26. Upon being asked by Germany what it would do in the event of a Russo-German War, France responded that it would act in its own interests and mobilized.  • On August 1st , Germany declared war on Russia, and two days later, on France.  • The German invasion of Belgium, August 4th, to attack France, which violated Belgium's official neutrality, prompted Britain to declare war on Germany.  • The Great War had arrived.

  27. TIMELINE TO WAR • July 31: Both France and Germany were asked by Britain to declare their support for the ongoing neutrality of Belgium. France agreed this. Germany did not respond. • August 1: Germany declares war against Russia. • August 2: Germany and The Ottoman Empire sign a secret treatyentrenching the Ottoman-German Alliance • August 3: Germany declares war on France. Germany states to Belgium that she would "treat her as an enemy" if she did not allow free passage of German troops across her lands. • August 4: Germany invades Belgium according to the modified Schlieffen Plan. • August 4 Britain declares war on Germany. • August 6: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. • August 23: Japan, honoring the Anglo-Japans', declares war on Germany.

  28. Europe in 1914

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