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Gram-Positive Cocci

Gram-Positive Cocci. Prof. Dr. Asem Shehabi Faculty of Medicine University of Jordan. Gram-psitive cocci. Micrococcaceae family.. Facultative Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci .. includes the following Genera/Groups:

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Gram-Positive Cocci

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  1. Gram-Positive Cocci Prof. Dr. AsemShehabi Faculty of Medicine University of Jordan

  2. Gram-psitivecocci • Micrococcaceae family.. Facultative Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci .. includes the following Genera/Groups: • Staphylococcus.. arranged in Irregular Clusters ..Catalase+ve • Streptococci.. arranged in Diplococci or Chain of Cocci.. Catalase-ve • Enterococci.. arranged in Diplococci & Short Chain.. Catalase-ve • The Two Common Staphylococcus species are: S. aureus.. S. epidermidisare common in skin, nose, oral cavity. other body sites.

  3. Stapylococci-Streptococci

  4. Pathogenicityof S. aureus • More invasive & pathogenic than other Staph. species • Contains thin capsule, cell wall antigenic structure Polysaccharides.. Protein A.. Production Specific Enzymes & Exo- & Enterotoxins.. Food Poisoning Coagulase & Clumping factor +ve.. Both converted prothrombin into fibrin & fibrinogen .. Deposit fibrin during infection.. Hyaluronidase.. Spreading factor, Leukocidin.. destroy WBCs.. formation of pus and acne • A common cause of inflammation , skin abscess ..wounds, sepsis/ bacteremia, sinusitis, conjunctivitis pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis..any body sites.

  5. Coagulase test: Convert by presence of clot S.aureusprothrombin into fibrin & fibrogen

  6. S. epidermidis • Less pathogenic.. part body normal flora.. coagulase -ve.. opportunistic pathogen.. Bacteremia.. Tissue Inflammation .. Common skin abscess. • Lab Diagnosis: Collect specimens ..Culture & identification of isolates by gram-stain, catalase & coagulase test, antibiotic susceptibility test. • Most S. aureusstrains.. Less S. epidermidis are resistant to all B-lactams.. Increase rate of isolation Methicillin/Oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).. All still susceptible to vancomycin. • Micrococcus species: skin flora.. coagulase -ve.. opportunistic pathogen.. Immuno-compromised patients.. mostly susceptible to B-Lactams.

  7. Streptococci-1 • Viridans Streptococci Group: Alpha-hemolytic/ Non-Hemolytic.. Normal respiratory flora.. Oral cavity..opportunistic pathogen, Dental caries, Sepsis, Localized oral abscesses.. Common Endocarditis • Beta-hemolytic Streptococci Group:Serogroups A, B, C, D, F, G.. Cell wall specific carbohydrates.. Respiratory flora.. Healthy Carries.. Population • Group A Hemolytic Streptococci ( S. pyogens):Most invasive & Pathogenic.. Virulence Factors.. Cell Wall antigens/ M Proteins.. Many Extracellular Enzymes.. Hemolysins, 80 Specific subtypes, Pyrogenic /Erythrogenic Toxin.. Superficial skin infection.. Scarlet fever..Children..No Vaccine

  8. Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcis-Susceptible for Bacitracin

  9. Viridans Streptococci- Partial blood hemolysis (Bacitracin & Opthocin ) resistance

  10. Streptococci-2 • Group A streptococcalinfections affect all ages with peak incidence at 5-15 years of age.. Acute Sore throat/ Pharyngitis, Skin infection, Sepsis, Otitis media, Sinusitis, Meningitis.. Less Adults.. Few Healthy carriers. • Complications: A) Rheumatic Fever.. inflammatory disease affecting primarily the heart and joints. B) Glomerulonephritis.. immune complex disease of the kidney • Group BStreptococci:Common in vaginal tract.. Pregnant women .. Purperal Sepsis, Neonatal Meningitis, Fatal .. Rare Urinary Tract Infection.

  11. Streptococci-3 • Streptococci pneumoniae:.Largepolysacharide Capsule.. 85 Serotypes.. Few-high Healthy Carriers • Common cause of bacterial pneumonia.. more common & dangerous in the very young and the very old persons. • Common cause of meningitis, Sinusitis, Otitis Media, Bacteremia.. Young children.. Imunocompromised persons.. up 50% S. pneumonia R-Penicillin.. Specific Vaccine for Adults .. Children.. Protective 1-2-year. • S. pneumoniae can be differentiated from S.viridans, which is also alpha hemolytic, using an Optochin test, • Enterococcus:E. fecalis, E. faecium.. Common Intestine Human-Animal.. opportunistic pathogen.. Urinary Tract Infect., Wound, Rare Sepsis, Endocarditis..

  12. S. pneumoniae - Susceptible to Optochin in Lab test

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