Organised :

1. CONFERENCE VENUE Organised: School of Electrical and Information Engineering Department of Computer Science

2. 23rd INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLICATION AND THEORY OF PETRI NETS • 24-28 June, 2002 • Venue: • City West Campus • University of South Australia Organised: School of Electrical and Information Engineering Department of Computer Science

3. University Accommodation • Lincoln College (http://www.adelaide.edu.au/Lincoln/) • St. Mark's College Inc. (http://www.adelaide.edu.au/stmarks)

4. Adelaide Accommodation • Adelaide Paringa Motel (http://www.macbitz.net.au/paringa/) Gov’t Rate: $AUS80 single and $AUD95 double/twin (including GST) • Adelaide Regent Apartments (http://www.AdelaideRegent.com.au/) 81-91 Melbourne Street, North Adelaide 4 Days + $AUS67.50 (1br/night)) and $AUD 87.50 (2br/night) • The Grosvenor Vista Hotel (http://www.grosvenorvistahotel.com.au/grosvenor.htm) $AUS95 (Standard)) and $AUD115 (Twin/double) • Hilton International Adelaide (http://www.hilton.com/) • Hotel Adelaide International (http://www.hoteladelaide.com.au/) • Superior Room Rack rate - single, double or twin $AUD199 • Hyatt Regency Adelaide (http://www.adelaide.hyatt.com/) $AUD250 (1br/night) and $AUD450 (2br/night)

5. Adelaide Accommodation • Novotel Adelaide on Hindley (http://www.accorhotel.com) $AUD192 (1br and 2br per night) • Raddison Playford (http://www.radisson.com/adelaide.au) • Saville Park Suites Adelaide (http://www.savillesuites.com.au) $AUD138 pn (2 people) and $AUD182 pn (4 people) • Stamford Plaza Adelaide (http://www.stamford.com.au) $AUD 180 (1br only) • The Townhouse on Hindley (http://www.barrontownhouse.com.au)

6. Conference Venue The Conferences will be held on the University campus, which is located in the North Terrace, Adelaide. City West - located at the western end of the North Terrace educational and cultural precinct. Reflecting its location in Adelaide's central business district next to the community arts facilities of the Lion Arts Centre and the Roma Mitchell Arts Centre, the campus houses the University's undergraduate and postgraduate programs and research activities in the disciplines of art, architecture, design, accounting, commerce, economics, finance, business, international business, property, commercial law, administrative management, marketing, management information systems, e-business, management, tourism and hospitality, justice administration and wine marketing, as well as Australian and Indigenous studies. The University's Chancellery, International Relations Office, the Bob Hawke Prime Ministerial Library, the University's Art Museum and Learning Connection are also located at City West. Conference Venue

7. Conference Venue The Conferences will be held on the University campus, which is located in the North Terrace, Adelaide. Conference Venue Lecture Theatres and Seminar Rooms

9. Adelaide Adelaide City Council website http://www.adelaide.sa.gov.au/City_Council/default.htm The Adelaide City Council has produced seven walking trails whichencourage both residents and visitors to explore the wonders of the City. Each of these self-guided walks has its own handy brochure which contains historical and cultural information.  The seven walks have been designed to capture some of the great sites and stories of Adelaide. Three historic walks commence in beautiful Wellington Square North Adelaide, with another two embracing the splendour of lower North Adelaide. A separate walk highlights the transformation of the paddocks in the South Park Lands into the manicured and picturesque Veale Gardens of today. Finally a cultural walking trail reveals the stories behind some of the magnificent statues and monuments found along North Terrace and in nearby Park Lands.

10. Map of the World • Adelaide

11. Adelaide To Get to Adelaide There are daily international and interstate flights to an airport complex no more than 15 minutes from the city centre. Daily coach services link Adelaide with regional cities and interstate destinations. Adelaide is the hub on the Australian rail system and is on National Highway One. Adelaide Domestic and Adelaide International Airports The Adelaide Domestic and Adelaide International Airports are located just 5 kilometres west of the city centre. Both airports provide a city bus service, public car parking, valet car parking, taxi ranks, car rental, bureau de change and the International Airport also has duty free shopping.

13. Getting Around in Adelaide Buses from out of town, including the airport bus, will drop you off at the Central Bus Station, 101–111 Franklin St, which, compared to bus terminals in other major cities, is very basic. The international airport, 7km southwest from the centre, is small, modern and easy to handle; there’s a currency exchange and information booth. The domestic terminal is about half a kilometre southwest. Both are serviced by the airport bus (Transit Regency Coaches depart hourly between 6.20am & 9.20pm and every 30min at busier times; to book a return trip call 08/8381 5311; $6), which will drop you off at most city accommodation on request; its set route stops at Victoria Square and North Terrace, as well as the bus station. A taxi costs around $15 to either the city or the beachside suburb of Glenelg, 11km from the centre. Arriving by train at the Keswick Interstate Terminal, you can also take the airport bus, which stops here en route ($3 to city or airport), or walk to the suburban platform and catch a train into Adelaide Train Station on North Terrace. Taxis to the city from the Interstate Terminal charge about $8.

14. Getting Around in Adelaide Public Transport The city of Adelaide and its environs are serviced by a public transport network operated by a variety of operators using a ticketing system called Metroticket. The network includes metropolitan buses, trains, the O-Bahn busway, and a tram line to Glenelg. Ticket Purchase Metrotickets are valid on and for transfers between all services, Single Trip and Daytrip Metrotickets can be purchased on board buses, trams and some trains (train vending machines are coin operated - no notes). The entire range of Metrotickets is available from bus depots, staffed railway stations, and from many post offices, newsagents, delis and service stations as well as the Passenger Transport Information Centre. Timetable and Ticket Information The Passenger Transport Information Centre is located on the corner of King William and Currie Streets in the city centre. The centre provides tickets, information and free timetables about public transport services, as well as the sale of Metrotickets and Public Transport Maps. There is also a Passenger Transport InfoLine for telephone enquiries on (08) 8210 1000, operating daily from 7am to 8pm.

15. Getting Around in Adelaide Adelaide Metro Adelaide Metro is the largest public transport provider of bus, train, tram and O-Bahn services in Adelaide, South Australia. Adelaide Metro invite you to come aboard...and take a journey with them on their Internet site and discover timetable and customer information. Adelaide Metro Internet site. (http://www.adelaidemetro.com.au) Special Features The Adelaide O'Bahn is the fastest and longest suburban guided busway in the world. Specially adapted buses run at speeds of up to 100km/h along a concrete track from the city centre following the picturesque Linear Park to the north eastern suburbs, stopping along the way at Paradise, Klemzig and Modbury Interchanges. Take the O-Bahn for a day trip to the Tea Tree Plaza Shopping Centre and cinemas.

16. Getting Around in Adelaide Special Features The beautiful wood-panelled Glenelg tram built in 1929 links Victoria Square in the city centre with the seaside resort of Glenelg and is the only survivor from the hey-day when Adelaide had 25 electric trams. The trip to Glenelg takes around 25 minutes. Adelaide city centre has two free bus services, the BeeLine and the City Loop. Every five minutes during shopping hours, the BeeLine travels the 1km length of King William Street between Victoria Square and the Railway Station and the Casino and North Terrace. The City Loop links the city's major cultural, entertainment, retail, educational centres and Rundle Street restaurants. Both services stop at Victoria Square, near the Central Market. Adelaide and South Australia has the largest fleet of fully accessible buses in Australia. The low floor buses feature a ramp that extends from beneath the centre doors to allow easier access for people with wheelchairs, pushers, trolleys and small children. Trains are also wheelchair accessible - ask the driver to use the ramp. CityFree buses are fully accessible.

17. Getting Around in Adelaide Taxis There are taxi ranks at strategic points throughout the city centre, or you can call a cab by ringing any of the major taxi companies:- Yellow Cabs - 13 2227 Suburban - 13 1008 Car Hire Adelaide has all major car rental car companies, as well as a wide selection of smaller, locally based companies, all providing a range of vehicles for hire. Car rental firms require a current driver's license and a deposit or credit card imprint. The minimum age requirement is 25 years of age, however many local companies have a minimum age requirement of 21. Some local companies include: Thrifty Car Rental (Adelaide Airport) (08) 8234 4554 Avis Australia 1800 225 533 Smart Car (chauffeur driven) (08) 8285 8555

18. General Information Please feel free to visit the Australian Tourist Commission's web site: http://www.southaustralia.com/home.asp Australian Currency • The Australian Dollar ($AUD) is a decimal currency with units in dollars and cents. • Notes: Denominations $100, $50, $20, $10, $5Coins: Denominations $2, $1, 50¢, 20¢, 10¢, 5¢ Voltage • The Australian electricity supply operates on 240 volts AC at 50 Hertz. All 110V require transformers. Most hotels have 110V AC sockets. Visas • Visas are required from many countries. Please check with your travel agent. Application can be made via Australian Government representatives in major cities around the world.

19. General Information Duty Free • Arrival passengers are allowed $400 per adult ($200 per child) of duty free items, plus one litre of alcohol and 250 cigarettes or tobacco equivalent. Group allowances may be combined. Banking • Banking hours are usually 9:30am to 4:00pm Monday to Thursday and 9:30am to 5:00pm Friday. A few are open Saturday mornings. Most international banks or their agents can be found in Adelaide. Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) are open 24 hours. Most branches are not open Sundays or Public Holidays. Time Zone • Australian Central Standard Time is GMT plus 9 1/2 hours.

20. General Information Credit/Charge Cards • MasterCard, VISA, American Express, ITB, Diners Club and Bankcard are widely accepted. Mobile Phones • Australia's mobile phone network operates on GSM. Coverage is available in all cities and most regional areas. Tipping & Gratuities • Not required or expected in Australia. This includes taxis. However, if you feel you have been given superior service, a gratuity would be welcome. Goods & Services Tax (GST) • A GST of 10% applies across Australia.

21. General Information Car Rental • Rental cars are available across Australia with pick-up points at all domestic and international terminals. You may wish to visit the following major car rental companies. • Avis • Budget • Hertz • Thrify

22. South Australia - Tourism • South Australia's population of 1.4 million live mostly along the coast and in the capital city, Adelaide. • With its Mediterranean climate, fine food and wines, numerous festivals and events, kilometres of clean, sandy beaches and more sunshine than is decently allowed, South Australia is a great holiday destination. • South Australia boasts most of the world's opals. Coober Pedy, the main opal mining town, produces 90 per cent of Australia's opals.

23. South Australia - Tourism Adelaide • Adelaide is set on a narrow coastal plain between between the rolling hills of the Mt Lofty Ranges and the blue waters of Gulf St Vincent. • Surrounded by parkland, Adelaide combines the vitality of a large modern city with an easygoing Australian lifestyle. • The city centre is completely surrounded by parklands, with beautiful flower-beds, playgrounds and sportsfields. There are barbecues with tables and chairs under shady trees. • The beautiful formal Botanic Gardens have 16 hectares of Australian and imported plants with lakes where children can feed ducks and swans.

24. South Australia - Tourism Wine regions • South Australia provides about 65 per cent of the wines and 83 per cent of the brandy made in Australia. Kilometres of vineyards stretch over valleys, plains and hillsides of the southern and eastern regions of the state. • The state has six distinct grape growing regions: the Barossa Valley, the Fleurieu Peninsula, the Murray River, the Clare Valley, the Adelaide Hills and the Coonawarra area of the south-east. • The vineyards of the Clare Valley are about 130 kilometres north of Adelaide, and produce fine, light table wines.

25. South Australia - Tourism Flinders Ranges • The Flinders Ranges are part of a mountain chain which extends almost 800 kilometres from its seaward end at Gulf St Vincent. • There is something unique in the contrast of the dry, stony land and the richly lines rock faces - the characteristics of a desert range - with the rich vegetation of the river red gums. In spring, after rain, the display of wildflowers is breathtaking, carpeting the whole region with masses of reds, pinks, yellows, purples and white. The wildflowers, together with the natural beauty of the rock shapes, pools and caves and twisted trees which abound in the Flinders Ranges, make them a favourite haunt of photographers and artists. • The best known feature of the Flinders Ranges is the Wilpena Pound, an immense elevated basin covering about 50 square kilometres and encircles by sheer cliffs which are set in a foundation of purple shale and rise through red stone to white-topped peaks. Within the pound are low, rounded hills and folded ridges, grasslands and pine-clad slopes which run down to gums along Wilpena Creek. • There is a well organised resort at Wilpena, catering for levels of accommodation from camping to modern motel.

26. Adelaide Weather Chart :Average temperature (Celcius). Adelaide is free from sleet and snow, and even during the wettest mid-year winter months, an overcoat and umbrella, is the only protection you will need from the elements. In fact, Adelaide's weather is refreshingly mild with a cool 15 degrees Celsius (59F) average in July, mid winter, and a comfortable 29 degrees C (84F) average over the summer period.

27. South Australia Did You Know That... some of the first European visitors to South Australia were Dutchmen Peter Nuyts and Francois Thijssen in 1627. That Kangaroo Island was settled long before the official proclamation of South Australia by Captain John Hindmarsh. That many students are convinced that Matthew Flinders, after charting the coast of South Australia in 1802, circumcised Australia !!!! Still the Chairman of the Colonization Commission for South Australia, Robert Torrens, said in 1835 that South Australia was washed by the waters of the Pacific. This same Chairman was very much in favour of the establishment of South Australia. Living there he said was far preferable to rambling over the back settlements of America or mixing with Catholics in the bleak unhealthy wilds of Canada or to enduring the depraved society of New South Wales.

28. South Australia Torrens hoped that South Australia would become the great rice and wool growing country of the world and that its climate would make it possible to produce opium for the China trade. Last but not least he predicted that New South Wales would lose its supremacy and probably become a provincial appendage to South Australia. That South Australia was not settled by convicts but that is was a convict, E.G. Wakefield, whose efforts finally led to the birth of South Australia. That The Buffalo, which brought the first Governor and free settlers to South Australia, was later used to transport Canadian convicts to New South Wales and Tasmania. That the first Lutheran College and Seminary in the Southern Hemisphere was opened at Lobethal in the Adelaide Hills in 1845. That South Australia was the first to appoint an Archivist. In 1919 George Henry Pitt was appointed to that position by the South Australian Public Library Board.

29. Kangaroo Island Captain Matthew Flinders, and his hungry crew members, discovered Kangaroo Island on 2 March 1802. They found no inhabitants but were compensated for this by the discovery of what they needed most of all - fresh food! In his journal Flinders recorded, 'the whole ship's company was employed this afternoon in the skinning and cleaning of kangaroos. After four months' privation they stewed half a hundredweight of heads, forequarters and tails down into soup for dinner, on this and the succeeding days, and as much steak given, moreover to both officers and men as they could consume by day and night. In gratitude for so seasonable a supply, I named this south land KANGAROO ISLAND'.

30. Kangaroo Island The human history of the island, which started many thousands of years ago, is rich and colourful. At the same time it is also full of suffering, endurance, privation, success, failure, courage and bravery. Its Aboriginal occupation ended about five thousand years ago and was not renewed until the early 1800's when escaped convicts, from New South Wales and Tasmania, whalers and sealers kidnapped Aboriginal women from the mainland and forced them to live with them on the island.

31. Map of Kangaroo Island

32. Kangaroo Island No sooner had Flinders left the island or it was visited, circumnavigated and mapped, by the French Captain Nicholas Baudin who named it L'Isle Decres. Kangaroo Island only just escaped being a French colony!! A year later a group of American sealers, under command of Captain Pemberton, arrived aboard the brig Union and established themselves at what is now known as American River. They stayed for four months to build their new ship and kill as many seals, for their skins, as possible. The sailors sawed timber from the local pine trees near Pelican Lagoon and carried out the first ship building enterprise in South Australia. The first official settler at American River was Frank Potts. This boat builder arrived in 1842 but eventually returned to the mainland and established vineyards at Langhorne Creek.

33. Kangaroo Island When the Americans left in their 35 ton schooner Independence, Kangaroo Island remained a favourite hunting ground for this commodity and between 1806 and 1836 it was not only occupied by whalers and sealers for short periods but also permanently by runaway convicts, ship deserters, farmers and other settlers. They made their living by hunting, fishing, skin and salt trading and even growing some vegetables. A report of 1819 described the islanders as 'complete savages, living in bark huts, clothed in kangaroo skins and smelling like foxes'. A similar report was written by Major Lockyer in 1827. He wrote, 'The lawless manner in which these sealing gangs are ranging about requires some immediate measures to control them. From what I have learnt and witnessed, they are a complete set of pirates going from island to island along the southern coast, making occasional descents on the mainland and carrying off by force females. The great scene of villainy is at Kangaroo Island, where, to use the terms of one of them, a great number of graves are to be seen, and where some desperate characters are, many of them runaways from Sydney and Van Dieman's Land'.

34. Kangaroo Island For many years the island's white beaches were stained with the blood of tens of thousands of whales, seals, kangaroos, wallabies and possums. For a few years there was a whaling station at Point Tinline. Both the seals and kangaroos were almost hunted to extinction. During Captain George Sutherland's short stay on the island in 1819, more than 4500 seals and 1500 kangaroos were killed for their skins or meat. As late as the 1950s seals were killed for shark bait. The Kangaroo Island Emu was wiped out by the 1830s. In his report to the South Australian Company Sutherland wrote, 'This large island containing the finest pastures, with timber suited for ship and house building, will afford secure protection'. It was probably, among the whaling and sealing prospects, a contributory factor in the settlement of the island by the company.

35. Kangaroo Island The Rapid When Colonel William Light arrived on the brig Rapid in August 1836, Dr John Woodforde recorded in his diary 'There must have been a great mortality among the kangaroos on this Isle since Flinder's time or he must have mistaken the wallaby for them as we have not seen one and the sealers say there are none'. One of the island's most famous and colourful charactors was Henry Wallen, better known as 'The Governor'. He settled near Cygnet River in 1816 and was the first farmer in South Australia to raise a crop. With the arrival of Captain Morgan on the barque Duke of York on 27 July 1836 at Kingscote, Wallen's governorship came to an end. It was replaced by Samuel Stephens, manager of the South Australian Company. Woodforde reported that Wallen had a farm about thirteen kilometres up the river which 'does him great credit as he has several acres of flourishing wheat and most of the English vegetables. He has also two native wives'.

36. Kangaroo Island The South Australian Company had its money printedbefore arriving on Kangaroo Island. When the Duke of York anchored at Nepean Bay, the Beare family of six where among its migrants. Within hours of arrival, Lucy Beare gave birth to a girl. Sadly she died after only two days. When Lucy had another daughter a year later, the daughter survived but Lucy died. The first settlement at Reeves Point lasted for nearly four years when it was abandoned by the South Australian Company in favour of Adelaide. However Kingscote survived, as did one of the Mulberry trees planted in 1836 in the Company's garden. The first school in South Australia was established on Kangoroo Island by Captain Bromley who lived on the island until 19 May 1839. During this time he instructed some twenty children under a tree until he had built a hut for them. When appointed Protector of Aborigines he moved to the mainland. Among Kangaroo Island's earliest industries, apart from the whaling and sealing, were shipbuilding, salt harvesting, quarrying and the production of eucalyptus oil.

37. Kangaroo Island The first of many shipwrecks, after official occupation of the island, was at Hog Bay Reef where the locally built William sank in 1847. The first lighthouse in South Australia, at Cape Willoughby, started operating in 1852. This was followed in 1858 by one at Cape Borda, 155 metres above sea level and manually operated until 1989. The Lighthouse at Cape Du Couedic was not started until 1909. The materials for the building, and later the goods for the keepers, were supplied from nearby Weirs Cove. At first they were carried 90 metres up the cliffs until 1907 when a flying fox was used. Since the sinking of the William, more than fifty shipwrecks have been recorded around the island. The largest was the 5,800 ton Portland Maru in 1935. It began taking water near Cape Du Couedic before finally sinking at Cape Torrens.

38. Views of Kangaroo Island

39. Victor Harbour Named in 1838 by Governor Gawler after HMS Victor, commanded by Captain Richard Crozier, who surveyed the area in 1837. That same year a whaling station was established on Granite Island, managed by Captain Blenkinsopp. The first ship to load at Victor Harbor was the Goshawk taking on a cargo of whale oil in 1838. Although one of the very first harbours in South Australia, the town did not come into being until 1863 when it was surveyed as a private town by L.J. Hyndman.

40. Warrawong Earth Sancturary Ecotourism at its best! Warrawong is totally unique and offers the ultimate wildlife experience! See endangered animals thriving in their natural habitat as it was 200 years ago with experienced, professional guides. Tours are 90 minutes in duration. Dawn tours take you on a journey into the misty rainforest with honeyeaters and lorikeets trailing along in the canopy. Day tours depart at 2.00 pm on weekends and public holidays to explore special wildlife habitats. Dusk tours departures vary according to sunset times to experience the famous Australian nocturnal wildlife waking up. All walks meander along walking trails, and follow boardwalks around the Platypus lakes. Bookings are essential for all guided tours, just contact Warrawong Earth Sanctuary for costs, times and any other details. (http://www.warrawong.com)

41. Map of Victor Harbor

42. Victor Harbour During the early days of settlement, Victor Harbour was considered as the site for the colony's capital by several of its influential citizens, including Governor Hindmarsh. As an ex navy man Hindmarsh was anxious that sailors should report any parts of the coastline which might offer protection for ships. In 1838 it was reported that the land was extremely rich, and the site most picturesque, and well calculated for a town. It was bounded by two rivers from seventeen to thirty metres wide, and navigable for boats three to five kilometres. We consider this site the most eligible that we have seen so far in the colony for the first town. However six months later another report stated that the plan for a proposed town was utterly useless and absurd.

43. Victor Harbour The first thirty-four settlers arrived with the Rev Ridgeway W. Newland in 1839 and settled at Yelki, near the Bluff. Newland was regarded as a man of good standing and character. Life was very hard for these early pioneers and they had to overcome many problems. They were forced to live in tents for nearly two years before the first houses were built. Land for farming, covered with giant blue gums, was hard to clear. As early as 1840 Lutheran Missionary H. Meyer had established a school for the local Aborigines, to give them some European Education'. He was later transferred to Bethany in the Barossa Valley.

44. Victor Harbour During the early 1840s, Newland cultivated his land with the help of his family and some Aborigines. They ploughed, sowed and reaped and had made enough progress for the Adelaide Observer to conclude that the Aboriginal race was capable of a high degree of civilised life. From its early days the town had close connections with Goolwa and the River Murray. After 1850 river steamers carried wool and wheat up and down the river to Goolwa but could not make it through the river mouth to the sea. Instead goods had to be transported to the nearest sea port which was Victor Harbor.

45. Victor Harbour During that year several stone houses were built and a year later a telegraph station and large railway sheds to cater for the traffic on the original horse drawn railway. With increasing traffic a new jetty and a breakwater were built but when the town of Morgan was connected by rail to Adelaide in 1880, Victor Harbor ceased to be a port. Port facilities created employment with many workers needed to load and unload the cargo from ships, trains or bullock wagons. Once there was a small community other services followed rapidly. Soon there were the usual churches, hotel, school, post office and police station. In August 1863 two bridges, one over the Hindmarsh and the other across the Inman River, were opened making it much easier for people to visit the town.

46. Victor Harbour Even so, Victor Harbor continued to grow despite the loss of the river trade. With the hinterland now well established, farmers and graziers came to Victor to buy or sell their goods. When connected by rail to Adelaide the town and harbour became a tourist attraction which has kept on growing to such an extent that today Victor Harbor is one of the major tourist destinations in South Australia.

47. Getting Around Adelaide An airport bus runs from the airport to city hotels and hostels - the bus also calls in at the interstate train station. Adelaide has an integrated local transport system that includes metropolitan buses and trains, as well as the tram which operates between the city centre and Glenelg, and the O-Bahn busway which runs on concrete tracks between the city centre and the Tea Tree Plaza shopping centre. The airport is 8km (5mi) west of the city and is serviced by an airport bus. Adelaide is a relatively cyclist-friendly city, with good cycling tracks and bicycle lanes on many city streets.

48. Getting to Adelaide Virtually all visitors to Australia arrive by air. The main international airports are Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane, followed by Perth, Adelaide, Hobart, Darwin and Cairns. There are plenty of connections to Asia, Europe and the USA, but Australia's remoteness makes flights relatively expensive and long. Australia's current international popularity also means that many flights are heavily booked. Make plans well in advance. Departure tax on international flights is US$19. This tax is collected by travel agents and entered on your airline ticket.

49. Getting to Adelaide International flights arrive in Adelaide from all over the world, many of them flying directly to the city. Australia's two airlines fly into Adelaide from every other capital city, although you may have to make a stopover if you're coming from Brisbane or Sydney - Adelaide is a long way from Australia's other capitals, so flying is often the best option. Bus travel is cheaper than flying, but be prepared for a long haul. Services run to all major cities - you can go with one of the major lines and do the quick-but-dull trip, or take a smaller bus and meander around a bit. Buses also run to Alice Springs and to regional centres in South Australia. Interstate trains run from Adelaide to Alice Springs, Perth, Melbourne and Sydney.

50. Adelaide Orientation Adelaide sits on the eastern shore of Gulf St Vincent, in the far south of South Australia. The streets of Adelaide's central business district follow a grid pattern, which makes it very easy for visitors to find their way around. Victoria Square sits in the centre of the grid, and the main street, King William, runs through it. Although not the geographical centre of town, Rundle Mall is the shopping centre of the city, with the big department stores - Rundle St's eastern end has some of the city centre's best dining and boutique shopping. North Terrace, running parallel to Rundle St, is the city's cultural centre, a grand boulevard lined with a gallery, museum, state library and university. The River Torrens separates the city centre from North Adelaide, and a green belt of parkland surrounds both areas. The Adelaide airport is about 6km (3.7mi) west of the city centre, the interstate train terminal is just south-west of the city centre in the suburb of Keswick, and interstate buses arrive at Central, almost smack in the middle of town. Most hostels are in the south-eastern corner of the city centre; Hindley St in the city has mid-range options, North Terrace has the top-end hotels. Rundle St, Hindley St and North Terrace are the main food centres.