Unit 3

1. Unit 3 Phrases By PresenterMedia.com

2. Prepositional Phrases Lesson 18

3. Review Lesson 10- Preposition: a word that shows the relationship between a noun or a pronoun to some other word in a sentence. • Example: The cat food is insidethe cupboard. • We’ll go to the movie afterlunch. • PrepositionPhrase- begins with a preposition and usually ends with a noun or a pronoun, called the object of the preposition. • The object may be compound or have modifiers. • Example: Our stockpile of snowballs was depleted quickly. • Example: This pudding is made with milk and bread. (compound object) • Example: I brought back film footage of the horrible storm. (object with modifier)

4. Practice • Directions: Circle each preposition phrase in the following sentences and draw an arrow to the word or words it modifies. • The captain slipped on the wet deck. • We went to the movies at the last minute. • Which of the barbells is heavier? • Melissa earned the money for her new dress. • When Jo forgot her key, she knocked on the window.

5. Practice • Directions: Circle each preposition phrase in the following sentences and draw an arrow to the word or words it modifies. • The captain slipped on the wet deck. • We went to the movies at the last minute. • Which of the barbells is heavier? • Melissa earned the money for her new dress. • When Jo forgot her key, she knocked on the window. v

6. Participles and Participial Phrases Lesson 19

7. Participle- a verb form that acts as an adjective (it modifies a noun or pronoun) • Example: The car screeched to the twisting road. (The participle twisting modifies the noun road.) • A participle can be past or present tense. A present participle ends in –ing. A past participle usually ends in –ed. • ParticipialPhrase- a participle with complements and modifiers. • Acts as an adjective. • It can be in different position in a sentence. • If the participial phrase falls at the beginning of a sentence, it is usually followed by a comma. • Example: Screeching loudly, the car pulled into the service station.

8. Practice • Circle the participial phrase in each sentence and draw an arrow to the noun or pronoun that it modifies. • Example: Donato sat at his desk, listening to a classmate’s oral report. • Waiting patiently, Donato organized his notes. • His oral report, inspired by the World Cup competition, was about a famous soccer player. • Reading his first note card, he remembered that soccer is called ‘football” in many countries. • This sport, played around the world, is growing in popularity. • Keeping that in mind, he though his classmates would enjoy his report.

9. Practice • Circle the participial phrase in each sentence and draw an arrow to the noun or pronoun that it modifies. • Example: Donato sat at his desk, listening to a classmate’s oral report. • Waiting patiently, Donato organized his notes. • His oral report, inspired by the World Cup competition, was about a famous soccer player. • Reading his first note card, he remembered that soccer is called ‘football” in many countries. • This sport, played around the world, is growing in popularity. • Keeping that in mind, he though his classmates would enjoy his report.

10. Gerunds and Gerund Phrases Lesson 20

11. Gerund- is a verb form ending in –ingthat is used as a noun. • Example: Sewinghas never interested me. • Gerund Phrase- is a gerund with any complements or modifiers needed to complete it’s meaning. • Example: Her enthusiastic cheering drew people from yards away. • Example: Moving the chair was not easy.

12. Practice • Directions: Circle the gerund or gerund phrase in each sentence. • Example: Running for class president requires a lot of work. • I like eating healthy foods. • Recycling gives our family a sense of accomplishment. • Quitting is almost never the best solution. • Cheryl’s delicious cooking keeps her restaurant popular. • Leafing through photos is a good was to remember old times.

13. Practice: Answers • Directions: Circle the gerund or gerund phrase in each sentence. • Example: Running for class president requires a lot of work. • I like eating healthy foods. • Recycling gives our family a sense of accomplishment. • Quitting is almost never the best solution. • Cheryl’s delicious cooking keeps her restaurant popular. • Leafing through photos is a good was to remember old times.

14. Gerunds and Gerund Phrases: Appositives and Appositive Phrases Lesson 20 Continued

15. Appositive- a noun or pronoun placed next to another noun or pronoun to further identify it. • Example: My brother Davidis an engineer. • Appositivephrase- contains an appositive and any other words that modify it. • Usually not essential to the meaning of a sentence. • Appositives are often set off by commas. • Example: My brother David, an engineer in Philadelphia, enjoys his job.

16. Practice • Directions: Circle the appositive or appositive phrase in each sentence. • Example: Dontonio, my science partner, helped me write the alb report. • Mariel, a dancer in her own right, watched the ballerinas dance. • My Dr., Dr. Enriques, recently moved to our neighborhood. • Nancy’s dog Molly never barks at anyone. • Meagan, a hard-working student, will run for class president. • The noise, a piercing wail, made us cover our ears.

17. Practice • Directions: Circle the appositive or appositive phrase in each sentence. • Example: Dontonio, my science partner, helped me write the alb report. • Mariel, a dancer in her own right, watched the ballerinas dance. • My Dr., Dr. Enriques, recently moved to our neighborhood. • Nancy’s dog Molly never barks at anyone. • Meagan, a hard-working student, will run for class president. • The noise, a piercing wail, made us cover our ears.

18. Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases Lesson 21

19. Infinitive- is a verb form usually preceded by the word to. • In this case, to is not a preposition, but a part of the infinitive verb form. • An infinitive can be used as a noun, adjective, or an adverb. • Example: I love to gather flowers in the spring. (infinitive as a noun) • Example: Our plans to visit the Civil War battlefields changed drastically. (infinitive as an adjective) • Example: Your address is difficult to remember. (infinitive as an adverb) • InfinitivePhrase- included an infinitive and any complements and modifiers needed to complete its meaning. • Example: Many animals can learn to recognize people.

20. Practice • Directions: Circle each infinitive, write n if it is used as a noun, adj if it is used as an adjective, and adv if it Is used as an adverb. • Example: As the center of the government, London is the place to witness politics in action. • Choosing a setting for a novel is not a decision to make hastily. • An author must choose the right setting to make a novel memorable. • For some writers, it was easy to find the best setting. • To live in London is to have the perfect setting. • A novelist can find it interesting to create plots based on the city’s rich history. ADJ

21. Practice • Directions: Circle each infinitive, write n if it is used as a noun, adj if it is used as an adjective, and adv if it Is used as an adverb. • Example: As the center of the government, London is the place to witness politics in action. • Choosing a setting for a novel is not a decision to make hastily. • An author must choose the right setting to make a novel memorable. • For some writers, it was easy to find the best setting. • To live in London is to have the perfect setting. • A novelist can find it interesting to create plots based on the city’s rich history. ADJ ADJ ADJ ADV N N ADV

22. Distinguishing Participial, Gerund, and Infinitive Phrases Lesson 22

23. There are three types of verbal phrases, participial, gerund, and infinitive. They are all closely related to verbs; however, they do not function as verbs, but as nouns, adjective, and adverbs. The easiest way to distinguish the phrase is by the way the function in a sentence and by their forms. • Infinitive phrases- can function as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Infinitives are usually preceded by the word to. • Participial phrases- function as adjectives. Present participles end in –ing. Most past tense participles end in –ed. • Gerund phrases-function as nouns. Gerunds end in –ing.

24. Practice • Directions: Identify the phrase in italics as infinitive, gerund, or participial. • Example: __Gerund__ Harold will never forget fumbling in the big game. • __________ She collects figurines made in the thirties. • __________ Buying fire extinguishers is a good way to save livers. • __________ Practicing constantly, Mike improved his tennis game. • __________ Dan has never been one to complain about his problems. • __________ Jim’s goal, getting elected, was achieved through hard work.

25. Practice • Directions: Identify the phrase in italics as infinitive, gerund, or participial. • Example: __Gerund__ Harold will never forget fumbling in the big game. • _Participial_ She collects figurines made in the thirties. • _Gerund___ Buying fire extinguishers is a good way to save livers. • _Participial_Practicing constantly, Mike improved his tennis game. • _Infinitive_ Dan has never been one to complain about his problems. • _Gerund___ Jim’s goal, getting elected, was achieved through hard work.