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Recombinant DNA Technologies

Recombinant DNA Technologies. A.DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid Bases: A- Adenine C- Cytosine G- Guanine T- Thymine -put together in a double-helical molecule with A-T & C-G as the “rungs” -form GENES e. We have about 30,000 genes and they are mapped by location on each chromosome

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Recombinant DNA Technologies

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  1. Recombinant DNA Technologies A.DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid Bases: A- Adenine C- Cytosine G- Guanine T- Thymine -put together in a double-helical molecule with A-T & C-G as the “rungs” -form GENES e. We have about 30,000 genes and they are mapped by location on each chromosome -”Human Genome Project” f. We are 99.9% identical; .1% makes us unique and different from Rob Marder (thank heaven!)

  2. B. DNA fingerprinting 1. Find areas of variation 2. Hit with restriction enzymes =>neat DNA cutting tools (listen for where they came from!) 3. Run through a gel (electrophoresis) a. After cutting, small particles move fast, larger ones move slowly b. Gives a banding pattern:

  3. Gel Electrophoresis & Apparatus Two examples to try: -Crime Scene & Paternity Testing (Maury Povich style!)

  4. C. Gene Therapy 1. Problems with gene expression lead to faulty molecules, especially enzymes -cannot do their jobs 2. examples: Cystic Fibrosis & Tay Sachs diseases 3. Idea: replace bad genes with good ones that make the proper molecule  And theoretically “fix” the problem 4. How can we deliver the new genes? (i.e. what do we know that inserts genes over existing ones…. Think “poison”)  Called “vectors”

  5. D. Cloning • Genetically identical copies • Replace nucleus of egg w/ compat. Adult DIPLOID nucleus and jolt w/ electricity • Age of clone- new or as old as donated DNA? • Just because we can, does that mean we should? • Examples:

  6. E. PCR- Polymerase Chain Reaction 1.Takes small amounts of DNA and copies it millions of times 2. Useful when DNA quantities are minute -crime scenes -archeological finds

  7. F. Transgenic organisms 1. Organisms with foreign DNA spliced into it 2. Examples: a. Bacteria- make chemicals that we need 1) insulin (rather than from a dead pig’s organ) 2) fertilizers 3) hormones 4) nutrasweet (phenylalanine- watch out PKU people) 5) Spider silk for manufacturing b. Plants 1) Resist frost (Arctic flounder gene) 2) Disease resistance

  8. Transgenic organisms continued: c. Animals 1. Goats that produce anti-clotting protein 2. Glowing Rabbits: -Fun , but actually are “markers” 3. “Human” Mice  Benefit? 4. Rejection –resistant pigs for organ transplants into humans (xenotransplantation)

  9. Example of how we generate HUMAN insulin from bacteria: • What are some benefits to utilizing this method? • How did Diabetics get their insulin before this was developed? • Hint: Our friend, the pig

  10. Genetic engineering funnies

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