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Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas

Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas. K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico,

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Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas

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  1. Hydrological and Nutrient Controls on the Structure and Function of Southern African Savannas K.K. Caylor, Paolo D’Odorico, Christelle Hély, Greg Okin, S.A. Macko, I.O. McGlynn, Natalie Mladenov, Lydia Ries, Susan Ringrose, T.M. Scanlon, H.H. Shugart, R.J. Swap, Matt Therrell, Lixin Wang and Robert Washington-Allen

  2. Kalahari Transect • Wet and dry season field campaigns for basic ecological process and detailed structural measurements of vegetation

  3. Kalahari Transect • Wet and dry season field campaigns for basic ecological process and detailed structural measurements of vegetation • Detailed soil characterizations

  4. Kalahari Transect • Wet and dry season field campaigns for basic ecological process and detailed structural measurements of vegetation • Detailed soil characterizations • Instrumented long-term physical data records

  5. Kalahari Transect • Wet and dry season field campaigns for basic ecological process and detailed structural measurements of vegetation • Detailed soil characterizations • Instrumented long-term physical data records • Field fertilization experiments with phosphorus and nitrogen and stable isotope analysis in experimental and spatially distributed contexts

  6. IGBP Kalahari Transect Strong rainfall gradient, seasonal climate Uniform sandy soils – ‘Kalahari sands’ Heterogeneous vegetation; tree, shrub and grass in woodland, savanna, and shrubland mixtures. High net plant productivity, widespread biomass burning, high carbon turnover

  7. Mean annual rainfall along the Kalahari Transect

  8. Kalahari Rainfall – 1901-1996

  9. Kalahari Rainfall – 1901-1996

  10. Kalahari Rainfall – 1901-1996

  11. Kalahari Rainfall – 1901-1996

  12. Kalahari Rainfall – 1901-1996

  13. Process Pattern

  14. Vegetation Patterns on the Kalahari Transect

  15. Process Pattern

  16. Lishuwa vegetation (view from north to south) Vastrap Tshane Sandveld Maun Pandamatenga Sachinga Maziba Liangati Kataba Lishuwa Annual Rainfall (1901-1996)

  17. (view from north to south) Vastrap Tshane Sandveld Maun Pandamatenga Sachinga Maziba Senanga Kataba Lukulu Maun vegetation Annual Rainfall (1901-1996)

  18. Tshane Vastrap Sandveld Maun Pandamatenga Sachinga Maziba Senanga Kataba Lukulu Tshane vegetation Annual Rainfall (1901-1996)

  19. Pattern and Process

  20. Pattern and Process

  21. necessarily is not equivalent to v

  22. Patch Leaf Multi-Patch Structure A Landscape Vegetation Model

  23. Live Non-woody Live Tree Leaves Dead Non-woody Dead Tree Leaves

  24. Grazing Pressure across Southern Africa

  25. Grazing Impact across Southern Africa during a Wet Year.

  26. Grazing Impact across Southern Africa in a Dry Year.

  27. In wet versus dry years, the impact varies regionally Dry Wet

  28. Process Pattern

  29. Grass Cover Decreasing Tree Cover More Southerly and Drier Vegetation structural characteristics along the Kalahari Transect

  30. Light TRADE-OFFS Moisture

  31. TRADE-OFFS

  32. Dispersed Clumped Depends on the Prior History

  33. necessarily is not equivalent to v

  34. Process Pattern

  35. The End

  36. UMD Tree Cover Data

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