Australia

1. Australia Done by Nadya Futey Teacher : Ms O. Kurtseba

3. Australia • A country in the Southern Hemisphere holding mainland Australia, Tasmania island and several other islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, is the sixth state by area in the world. To the north of the Commonwealth of Australia are located East Timor , Indonesia and Papua - New Guinea, to the north- east - Vanuatu , New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands , south- east - New Zealand . The shortest distance between the main island of Papua - New Guinea and the mainland of Australia is only 145 km , and the distance from the Australian island Boigu to Papua - New Guinea - just 5 miles away. Population at 23 December 2013 amounts to 23,444,976 , the majority of whom live in cities on the east coast . Australia is one of the developed countries , being the thirteenth largest economy in the world and has the sixth largest in the world in terms of GDP per capita. Australia's military expenditure is the twelfth largest in the world . The second highest Human Development Index of Australia ranks highly in many areas, such as quality of life , health, education , economic freedom , the protection of civil liberties and political rights . Australia is a member of the G20, OECD, WTO, APEC , UN, Commonwealth of Nations , ANZUS , and the Pacific Islands Forum .

4. History • Australian Aboriginal ancestors appeared in Australia 40-60 thousand years ago ( according to other sources - about 70 thousand years ago) People arrived in Australia by sea, in a time when New Guinea and Tasmania were part of the continent , making them the earliest sea travelers in the world . Check continent 42-48 thousand people began years ago .The earliest human remains found at Lake Mungo , Dry Lake in the south- east of New South Wales These are the remains of one of the oldest examples found on Earth cremation , which indicates the existence of an early religious rites among the Australian aborigines . Aboriginal art is considered to be the oldest continuing tradition of art in the world . Its age is estimated at 30 000 years and it can be found across Australia (in particular, Uluru and Kakadu National Park . In terms of age and abundance of drawings, rock art in Australia is comparable to the caves of Lascaux and Altamira in Europe .Between 10-12 thousand years BC Tasmania is isolated from the mainland , and some stone technologies failed to reach the Tasmanian Aborigines (eg, use a boomerang ) . During the earliest period in the history of Australia's south-eastern Australia were frequent volcanic eruptions . In south-eastern Australia , on Lake Condah [en] in Victoria, found semi-permanent settlements with large amounts of food . For centuries Makassar trading with the natives of Australia , in particular the Yolngu people [en] in the north- east Arnhem Land .

5. Population • Australia's population is approximately 22,831,477 (estimate based on census data).Until the end of the XVIII century the population of Australia who came were 40-50 thousand years ago, Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders and Aborigines of Tasmania (between the three groups, there are cultural differences and even external).

6. Places of Interest in Australia Australia is one of the biggest countries in the world. Besides, it’s the only country, which is also a continent. For many other world countries Australia is a remote land to visit, nevertheless, millions of people gladly fly there to see its places of interest. The capital of Australia is Canberra. It’s not as large as Sydney or Melbourne, but it has an important political meaning for the country. All the governmental and parliamentary buildings are situated there. Canberra is also the home of many cultural institutions, such as Australian National University, National Gallery, National Museum, Royal Military College, Australian Institute of Sport and many others. The largest and the most visited city in Australia is Sydney. With the population over 4.6 million people, the city hosts 2.7 million international tourists a year. There is a great number of attractions in Sydney. The most well-known ones are Sydney Opera House, Sydney Harbour Bridge, St Mary's Catholic Cathedral, Royal Botanical Gardens, Luna Park, Australian Museum of Natural History and Anthropology, Museum of Contemporary Art and several others. Another large city in Australia is Melbourne. The main sights of the city are the Federation Square, Fawkner Park, Queen Victoria Market, Royal Exhibition Building, Albert Park Lake and many other places. Particularly interesting are the natural attractions of Australia. For example, the country has some species of animals, which can’t be found anywhere else. Among them, koalas, kangaroos, wallabies, flightless emus, wombats and many others. So, the Australian Zoo, which is situated in a small town Beerwah, not far from Brisbane, can be another place of interest

8. Animals

9. Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent. It is the sixth large country and the smallest continent. Australia lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It is situated about 11 000 km southwest of North America and about 8200 km southeast of mainland Asia. The name of the country comes from Latin word «australis» which mean southern. The country's official name is Commonwealth of Australia. • The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states. Australia has six states — New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. Each state has its government. Australia has two territories — the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. The capital of the country is Canberra. • Australia is a constitutional monarchy like Great Britain. The? nation is administered under written constitution. The British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is also queen of Australia and country's head of state. But the queen has little power in the Australian government. She serves mainly as a symbol of long historical tie between Great Britain and Australia. Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations which is an association formed by Britain and some of its former colonies. • Australia is one of the world's developed countries. Australia has modern factories, highly productive mines and farms, and busy cities. It is the world's leading producer of wool and bauxite <the ore from which aluminium is made). It also produces and exports large amounts of other minerals and farm goods. Income from the export enables Australians to have high standard of living. The most important trading partners of Australia are Japan and the United States.