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The Manitoba Schools Question

The Manitoba Schools Question. September 26 2011. Lecture Outline. What is the Manitoba Schools Question? Manitoba before and at Confederation Thomas Greenway & Provincial Rights Legal challenges Laurier-Greenway Compromise/ 1897 Manitoba Schools Act Impact of the legislation.

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The Manitoba Schools Question

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  1. The Manitoba Schools Question September 26 2011

  2. Lecture Outline • What is the Manitoba Schools Question? • Manitoba before and at Confederation • Thomas Greenway & Provincial Rights • Legal challenges • Laurier-Greenway Compromise/ 1897 Manitoba Schools Act • Impact of the legislation

  3. Manitoba Schools Question • Transformation of Manitoba’s school system • Not just about education • What else was it about?

  4. 1867 British North America Act(Confederation) • Section 92 • Education a provincial responsibility • Section 93 • If any province did not protect denominational schools, the federal government has an obligation to step in to enact protective legislation

  5. Manitoba – Historical Background Red River Settlement,1812 • Agriculture, fur trade • Education in Red River • missionaries: Catholic & Anglican • 1870: around 30 schools in Red River Settlement • Red River Resistance, 1869

  6. Manitoba Act, 1870 “The Postage Stamp Province”

  7. Manitoba, 1870 • 1870 – Population around 12,000 • Religious Composition • Roman Catholic 6,247 • Protestant 5,716

  8. Post 1870s Demographic Change • Migration: Ontario to Manitoba • Pro-British • Anti-Catholic • Icelandic & Mennonite settlers • Was Manitoba still bicultural?

  9. Impact of Demographic Changes • Attempts to pass anti-Francophone legislation • Open criticism of dual system in press • 3 main critiques

  10. Demographic Impact on the School System

  11. Thomas Greenway & Provincial Rights Premier of Manitoba, 1888

  12. Key Pieces of Legislation • Official Languages Act (1890) • An Act Respecting the Department of Education • An Act Respecting Public Schools

  13. In the courts Court of Queen’s Bench Supreme Court of Canada Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC )

  14. 1896 Federal Election • Education: main election issue • Wilfrid Laurier, Liberal Party • Charles Tupper, Conservative leader Wilfrid Laurier

  15. Laurier-Greenway Compromise Manitoba School Act, 1897 • urban schools with 40 or more RC students, a RC teacher could be hired (10 in rural areas) • 3:30 to 4:00 – religious instruction if requested by 10 or more families • Teachers could not provide the religious instruction

  16. “Bilingual System” • Not officially part of L-G Compromise • Added to the Manitoba School Act • If 10 or more students spoke a language other than English, instruction could be provided in that language & in English

  17. Reading for Wednesday – Marilyn Barber article on e-reserve Discussion Questions • Why were schools seen as the best places for the assimilation of immigrants? What does Barber mean by ‘assimilation through education’? • Were all immigrants viewed as equal? Why or why not? • How did the three prairie provinces approach the ‘problem’ of immigrants and education? • What critiques/concerns do you have about this article?

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