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Warm Up – February 28

Explore the differences between the Roman Empire and Germanic Kingdoms in terms of government and culture. Discover the government, economy, and purpose of the Middle Ages. Learn about the participants and causes of the Crusades and how they succeeded and failed. Understand the significance of the Magna Carta and the Hundred Years War. Dive into the rise and fall of the Byzantine Empire and the factors that led to its end.

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Warm Up – February 28

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  1. Warm Up – February 28 Grab the handout and answer the following questions on a post it: • 1. What differences existed between the Roman empire and the Germanic Kingdoms in regards to government and culture? • 2. What was the government and economy of the Middle Ages? • 3. Who fought in the Crusades? What did they fight over? • 4. How can the Crusades be considered both a success and a failure? • 5. What was the purpose of the Magna Carta? • 6. Why did England and France fight in the Hundred Years War? • 7. Which individual in France rallied the French to victory? • 8. What effects did the war have on both England and France?

  2. Unit 4: The middle Ages The Byzantine Empire

  3. The Fall of the Roman Empire • 395 CE = final division of Roman Empire into eastern and western halves • 476 = end of the western Roman Empire • Eastern half remained intact = the Byzantine Empire (aka Byzantium)

  4. Western Europe After Rome • Roads in disrepair • Cities falling apart • Central government broke down • Long-distance trade stopped • People moved to rural areas • Christianity still dominant = Roman Catholicism

  5. The Byzantine Empire • Unified and centralized government • Capital= Constantinople • Religion = Eastern Orthodox Christianity • Attempted to preserve some elements of the Roman Empire

  6. The Byzantine Empire • Enjoyed many advantages that allowed it to stay intact, unlike the western Roman Empire • Wealthier and more urbanized • More defensible capital; Constantinople was walled in • Shorter frontier to guard • Stronger army and navy • Strong leaders

  7. Preservation of the Roman Empire • Elements of the Roman Empire within Byzantium: • Roads • Taxation system • Military structures • Centralized government • Laws and court system • Roman-style robes and sandals • But a lot changed as well

  8. The Byzantine State • Never as large as the Roman Empire • Reached its largest size during the reign of Emperor Justinian • Lost many territories due to Arab/Muslim expansion in the 7th century = Syria/Palestine, Egypt, and North Africa • Still controlled: the eastern Mediterranean, Greece, the Balkans, and Anatolia

  9. Political State of Byzantium • Centralized authority in Constantinople • Emperor viewed as “God’s earthly representative” • Government focused on: collecting taxes, maintaining order, and suppressing revolts • Did not become heavily involved in the lives of most people Empress Theodora (Justinian’s Wife)

  10. The Byzantine Church • Eastern Orthodox came from the Roman Empire originally, so it shares many common elements with Roman Catholic Christianity: • Teachings of Jesus • The Bible • The Sacraments (a religious ceremony or ritual regarded as imparting divine grace, such as baptism) • A church hierarchy with patriarchs, bishops, and priests • Missionaries • Intolerance toward other religions

  11. The Byzantine Church Eastern Orthodox Roman Catholic Western Europe Latin Priests shaved Priests = celibate Accepted the Roman Pope as the sole authority for Christians everywhere • Byzantine Empire • Greek • Priests grew long beards • Priests could get married • Rejected the authority of the Pope of Rome

  12. The Byzantine Church • Further separation came between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church in 1054 • Both Churches excommunicated each other • Declared that those in the opposing Christian tradition were not real Christians • Known as the ”Great Schism”

  13. Byzantium & the World • Significant cultural influence in the world • Preserved ancient Greek learning and transmitted it to the Islamic world and Western Europe • Impacted scientists, philosophers, theologians, and intellectuals Aristotle

  14. The End of the Byzantine Empire • Began to face invasions after 1085 CE from: • Catholic Crusaders from Western Europe • Turkic Muslim invaders • Empire officially fell when Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453

  15. TOD – February 28 Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up: • What name was given to the eastern half of the Roman Empire? What was its capital city? • What branch of Christianity was in the eastern part of the Roman empire? What branch of Christianity was in the western half of Rome? • What factors allowed the eastern half of Rome to survive while the west failed? • What was the Great Schism? • What finally led to the end of the eastern part of the Roman empire?

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