Metric System of Measurement

1. Metric System of Measurement Essential Question: Why do scientists use the metric system?

2. Why do we have to learn this? • Standard: You will demonstrate an understanding of technological design and scientific inquiry, including process skills, mathematical thinking, controlled investigative design and analysis, and problem solving. • School Goal, Math: Student’s math communication skills, reasoning, explaining, justifying will be mastered. • Objectives: • You will convert, apply, and arrange metric conversion units • You will use, apply, and evaluate metric prefixes, and base units to labs • You will apply unit factor analysis, scientific notation, and significant figures to metric calculations. • You will apply the ladder method and division and multiplication by 10 to calculate and convert metric units.

3. Metric System The Metric system of measurement was created about two hundred years ago by a group of French scientists to simplify measurement. It is a Standard which is the exact quantity that people agree to use for comparison.

4. For the creatures smaller than the king, the Royal Potter designed deciliters that were 1/10th the size of a liter, centiliters that were 1/100th the size of a liter, and milliliters that were 1/1000th the size of a liter. The milliliters were just right for the Royal Chocolate Beetles found in the kingdom.

5. For the creatures greater than the king, the Royal Potter designed, Dekaliters that were 10 times the size of a liter, Hectoliters that were 100 times the size of a liter, and Kiloliters that were 1000 times the size of a liter. The kiloliters were just right for the Royal Elephants of the kingdom.

6. The Royal Potter lined the vessels up in his workroom from largest to smallest to show the king. The king’s vessel was in the center of the line, for the king was the center of the kingdom. The vessels were arranged in the following order: kiloliter hectoliter dekaliter Liter deciliter centiliter milliliter

7. King Hectorloved the new vessels that were designed larger and smaller than his own for all of the living creatures in his kingdom. The Royal Potter explained that the sizes of the original unit of measurement increased and decreased from the king’s liter by multiples of ten. He explained how to convert between the sizes by multiplying by ten or dividing by ten. King Hector wondered how he would ever remember the order of the vessels.

8. Now it is known as the Metric Conversion Mnemonic • King (kilo, 1,000) • Hector (hecto, 100) • Died (deka, 10) abbreviation---(da) • Unexpectedly (Unit (liter, meter, gram, Celsius) • Drinking (deci 1/10) • Chocolate (centi 1/100) • Milk (milli, 1/1,000) SI system is based on multiples of 10and uses prefixes to indicate a specific unit’s magnitude

9. 1 2 3 MetersLitersGrams How do you use the “ladder” method? 1st – Determine your starting point. 2nd – Count the “jumps” to your ending point. 3rd – Move the decimal the same number of jumps in the same direction and add zeros for each jump Starting Point Ending Point __. __. __. 2 3 1 Ladder Method KILO1000Units HECTO100Units DEKA10Units DECI0.1Unit CENTI0.01Unit MILLI0.001Unit 4 km = _________ m How many jumps does it take? 4. = 4000 m

10. Or use,Multiplying/Dividing

11. Practice Problem 1 How many mg are in 3.6 Kg? 3600. 0 grams 3.6 kg 36.0 hectogram 3600000.0 milligrams 360. 0 dekagrams 36000. 0 decigrams 360000.0 centigrams Gram Kilo Hecto Deka deci centi milli Starting point Final Destination 3,600,000 mg 6 places to the right of the decimal point

12. Practice Problem 2 How many hm are in 12.67 mm? Meter Kilo Hecto Deka deci centi milli Final Destination Starting point 0.0001267 hm 5 places to the left of the decimal point

13. Math and Units • Math- the language of Science • SI Units--an improved version of the metric system used and understood by scientistsworldwide. • Meter m • Mass kg • Time s • Volume L (l) • Temperature oC,Celcius Kelvin(K)

14. Using the appropriate unit, it is the measured distance from one end to the other of an object. Base unit in the metric system is the Meter. Length:

15. 1 millimeter (1 mm) About the thickness of a dime

16. 1 centimeter (1 cm)

17. 1 kilometer (1 km)

18. 1 kilometer (1 km) OR About the length of 10 football fields

19. A measured quantity of matter. Base unit in the metric system is the Gram. Mass:

20. 1 gram (1 g)

21. 1 gram (1 g) or the mass of a paperclip

22. 1 milligram (1 mg) About the mass of a grain of sand

23. 1 kilogram (1 kg)

24. Space included within limits as measured and is anamount of space an object occupies. Base unit in the metric system is the Liter. Volume

25. 1 liter (1 L) 1 liter of coke

26. 1 milliliter (1 mL or 1 ml) Capacity of an eyedropper

27. 1 milliliter (1 mL or 1 ml)

28. 1 kiloliter (1kL or 1 kl) About the capacity of 4 bathtubs

29. A derived unit Density—mass per unit volume of a material. The unit for density is g/ml. A unit obtained by combining different SI units is called a derived unit Volume

30. The degree of hotness or coldness of something Base unit in the metric system is the Celsius. New Topic: Temperature: Temperatureis measured using a thermometer calibrated in o C

31. Temperature A measure of how hot or how cold an object is. SI unit: Celsius or Centigrade (old term) SI Unit: the kelvin ( K ) • Note: K not a degree • Absolute Zero= 0 K

32. Temperature • Particles are always moving. • When you heat water, the water molecules move faster. • When molecules move faster, the substance gets hotter. • When a substance gets hotter, its temperature goes up.

33. Temperature • Determined by using a thermometer that contains a liquid that expands with heat and contracts with cooling. • Other instruments use infrared detection, lasers, bimetallic resistance.

34. degree Celsius (°C)

35. Temperature Scales Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin Water boils 212°F 100°C 373 K Water freezes 32°F 0°C 273 K

36. Units of Temperature between Boiling and Freezing Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin Water boils 212°F 100°C 373 K 180° 100°C 100K Water freezes 32°F 0°C 273 K

37. Celsius and Kelvin K= oC + 273

38. Convert Temperatures Formulas • °F= °C  x  9/5 + 32 or • °F = (°C x 1.8) + 32 or • °C = (°F -32)/1.8 • °C = (°F  -  32)  x  5/9

39. Fahrenheit Formula 180°F = 9°F = 1.8°F 100°C 5°C 1°C Zero point:0°C = 32°F °F = 9/5 T°C + 32 or °F = 1.8 T°C + 32

40. Celsius Formula Rearrange to find T°C °F = 1.8 T°C + 32 °F - 32 = 1.8T°C ( +32 - 32) °F - 32 = 1.8 T°C 1.8 1.8 °F - 32 = T°C 1.8

41. Temperature Conversions A person with hypothermia has a body temperature of 29.1°C. What is the body temperature in °F? °F = 1.8 (29.1°C) + 32 exact tenth's exact = 52.4 + 32 = 84.4°F tenth’s

42. Solution 2) 41.0 °C Solution: °C = (°F - 32) 1.8 = (105.8 - 32) 1.8 = 73.8°F 1.8° = 41.0°C

43. Learning Check Pizza is baked at 455°F. What is that in °C? 1) 437 °C 2) 235°C 3) 221°C

44. Solution Pizza is baked at 455°F. What is that in °C? 2) 235°C (455 - 32) = 235°C 1.8

45. Learning Check On a cold winter day, the temperature falls to -15°C. What is that temperature in °F? 1) 19 °F 2) 59°F 3) 5°F

46. Solution 3) 5°F Solution: °F = 1.8(-15°C) + 32 = -27 + 32 = 5°F

47. Kelvin Scale On the Kelvin Scale 1K = 1°C 0 K is the lowest temperature 0 K = - 273°C K °C K = °C + 273

48. Learning Check What is normal body temperature of 37°C in kelvins? 1) 236 K 2) 310 K 3) 342 K

49. Solution What is normal body temperature of 37°C in kelvins? 2) 310 K K = °C + 273 = 37 °C + 273 = 310. K

50. Limits of Measurement Accuracy and Precision Revisited Essential Question • What is more important, to be accurate and precise, accurate or precise or does it matter? Objectives: • Students will know the difference between accuracy and precision. • You will identify accurate and precision using examples. • You will provide real life examples of the essential question.