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Diversifying Rice-Based Farming Systems in the Southern Philippines Irrigation Sector Project with the System of Rice Intensification ( Paper for presentation in the World Rice Research Conference, Tokyo-Tsukuba, Japan, 4-7 November 2004).

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  1. Diversifying Rice-Based Farming Systems in the Southern Philippines Irrigation Sector Projectwith the System of Rice Intensification(Paper for presentation in the World Rice Research Conference, Tokyo-Tsukuba, Japan, 4-7 November 2004) Felipe Rafols Jr., Allan Gayem, Ligaya Belarmino, Flor L. Magbanua, Rene Q. Nombre, Joel A. Basiao, Carlos S. Salazar, Edgar F. Tagarao, Elmer T. Nepa, Pacifico E. Calibayan, and Roger C. Lazaro (SPISP Stakeholders: Farmers, Staff and Consultant) Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  2. Outline of the Presentation • Information on Philippines Irrigation and Improvements-Expectations from the Southern Philippines Irrigation Sector Project in its revitalized PIM&T. • Motivation for establishing the Pilot Techno-Demo Farms with the IAs. • Some Results todate, Extended Analysis, and Future Further Plans. Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  3. Region VI Visayas West SPISP SubProject Location Map Region VII Visayas Central Region XIII Caraga Mindanao Region XII ARMM Mindanao Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  4. Climatic Types and Topography • In the Visayas the wetter and drier months are quite distinct, and generally the topography is quite hilly. • In Mindanao, in general, rainfall is almost uniformly distributed thru out the year with flat topographic features. Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  5. Innovations Introduced in SPISP • Watershed Management: Rehabilitation and Protec-tion to improve water harvesting and reduce (soil and streambank) erosion as well as sedimentation. • Proportional weirs, in lieu of steel gates, with an orifice provided to pass the conveyance loss, and • a built-in slit, to assure that no standing water remains within the irrigation canal network and to keep snails, schistosomiasis host, from thriving. • Canal lining reduces maintenance cost as well as speeds up irrigation water flow velocity that will prevent the snails from hanging around. Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  6. Motivation for SPISP, NIA & IAs • With water savings, expand the irrigable area, and eventually convert part of the rice land into diversified crop land. • Ultimate Purpose: To produce enough rice for self-sufficiency requirement and to…. • Diversify into high-valued cash crops that may provide cash to buy rice elsewhere whenever the production falls below expectation. • Eventual Goal: Further diversification to include livestock and/or aquaculture farm for extra income- assurance/insurance plus resources for composting. Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  7. Options in the Pilot Techno-Demo Farms • Margate rice production system, popularized in the Philippines in the 70’s, was simply an intermittent irrigation and drainage scheme. • Some similarities with SRI, developed in the 80’s, at Madagascar, and now being promoted in Asia. • Total Quality and Production Management (TQPM) proposed by the Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Training Institute (ATI) • Features: Water savings of up to 50% while crop yield could be at least double from present yield with continuously basin flooded irrigation. Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  8. Margate MonumentDipolog, Zamboanga, Mindanao 30 years ago Courtesy of Mr. Mike D. Lopez Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  9. SRI from Madagascar From 1 plant 20 years ago • A Jesuit priest, Father Henri de Laulanié, in Madagascar is considered the SRI developer helped launch the not-for-profit organization, ‘Association Tefy Saina’ meaning "to improve the mind." Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  10. In Mindanao, at a one-ha. techno-demo farm established at the CARAGA Regional Irrigation Manager’s personal farm with poultry waste, used as a major component of self-produced, organic matter. The Mestizo PSBRC 72H Hybrid rice variety grown the SRI way yield 8.90 t/ha on a 40 x 40-cm. grid plant spacing. In Gibong Right Bank Subproject at the Caraga Region of Mindanao the Farmer-President of the Federation of IAs joined in following the first SRI pilot techno-demo farm. The SRI Inbred IR64 rice variety gave a 7.50 t/ha yield in a 35 x 35-cm plant spacing compared to 4.59t/ha from a hybrid PSB RC 72H rice planted at usual random spacing. SRI Yields in Mindanao SPs Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  11. SRI Results in SPISP, Mindanao Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  12. In the Visayas Barangay Balicotoc, an originally rainfed area supplied with irrigation pump, the Inbred C64 rice variety was grown the SRI way Yield was 7.33 t/ha from 35 x 35-cm plant spacing surpassing the 3.67 t/ha yield from 10 x 30-cm spacing from the Total Quality & Productivity Management (TQPM) approach with a booster chemical fertilizer. Also in the Visayas in Magballo Communal Irrigation System, SRI growers used registered PSB RC18 rice variety. The yields ranged from 2.83 – 5.50 tons/ha (the highest from 40 x 40-cm plant spacing), these were slightly lower than the first attempt and attributed to possible toxicity build-up from long years of chemical fertilizer and pesticide use. SRI Yields at the Visayas SPs Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  13. Total Quality & Productivity Management (TQPM) vs SRI • TQPM is similar to SRI with booster inorganic/chemical fertilizer until the organic fertilizers has enhanced the micro-organism population in the soil community. • The TQPM pilot techno-demo plots did show a quick initial response from the chemical fertilizer with very dark green leaves but • SRI plots with organic fertilizer that initially showed yellowing leaves eventually prevailed. Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  14. TQPM (left) & SRI (Right) Booster effect obvious Lighter color start Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  15. SRI Results in SPISP-Visayas 1/2 Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  16. Soil Test Results at Balicotoc & Magballo SRI Test Sites Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  17. SRI Results in SPISP-Visayas 2/2 Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  18. 1st SRI Results Pilot Techno-Demo Farmsat Balicotoc, the Visayas Schemes 1/2 Farmers Practice 1 Ha. Random 66.30 2.65 18,540 10,948 (1.69) 7,592 TQPM Techno- Demo 200 m² 0.02 Ha. 91.50 3.66 16,320 (1.68) 10 x 30 11,130 27,450 200 m² 0.02 Ha. 75.00 3.00 15,436 (1.46) 10 x 40 22,500 7,064 SRI Techno- Demo 133 m² 0.013 Ha. 125.00 5.00 29,865 (1.26) 25 x 25 7,634 37,500 133 m² 0.013 Ha. 183.33 7.33 28,487 (1.93) 35 x 35 54,999 26,512 133 m² 0.013 Ha. 154.18 6.17 26,645 (1.74) 45 x 45 19,609 46,254 Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP Profitability (*.**) = Gross Income/Expenses)

  19. 2nd SRI Results at Magballo CIS, the Visayas SPs 2004 2/2 Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  20. Productivity/ProfitabilityAnalysis:SRI & TQPM in SPISP Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  21. Productivity & Profitability Comparative Analysis with SRI in Sri Lanka Namara, R. E, et.al. (2003) Prospects for Adopting System of Rice Intensification in Sri Lanka: A Socioeconomic Assessment. International Water Management Institute, Kandy, Sri Lanka,. Report No. 75 Profitability= Gross Income/GrossExpense Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  22. Updated Summary of Results:Oct.04 1/2 Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  23. Updated Summary of Results:Oct.04 2/2 Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  24. What is Next in the Immediate Future? • SPISP is already at the System Management and Agricultural Development Plan Implementation Phase in the three core subprojects. • The plan to extend the experiences of SRI to other Visayas SubProjects is expected soonest and a wider application of the Pilot Techno-Demo results is already on the drawing board. • The socio-institutional aspects would also then be considered, focusing on adoption and dis-adoption rates cited in Namara, et. al. (2003) and • Maybe a randomized complete block research if only to convince the unbelieving partners. Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  25. That is all Folks! Thank you for your patience. Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  26. Effective Rain vs Evapotranspiration Water Balances in the Major Islands of the Philippines and at SPISP’s Sub-Projects Obtained with FAO’s WATPOW & CLIMWAT Computer Program Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  27. Philippine Irrigation Statistics-2003 est. Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  28. SRI Subproject(SP) Sites’ Statistics Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  29. Proportional Weirs with an Orifice to pass on Conveyance Loss and a Slit to avoid standing water collecting upstream Gibong RB Core SP, Mindanao Proportionate Share Schistosomiasis Unfriendly Maintain Uniform Water Levels Can-asujan SP Cebu, The Visayas Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

  30. Comparative Mean Values of ET, P and Total Water Requirements (WR) Mao Zhi. (1996) Environmental impact of water saving irrigation for rice. In: M.Smith, L. S.Pereira, Eds, Irrigation scheduling: From theory to practice. Proc. of the ICID/FAO workshop on irrigation scheduling. 12-13 Sep. 1995; Rome (Italy). P141-146. Japan:SRI in NIA's SPISP

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