Interventionist Training

1. Interventionist Training December 7, 2017 Jane Sturgell, S. Psy. S., NCSP School Psychologist & MTSS Consultant

2. 5 Common Reasons for Academic Problems (Daly and Martens, 1997) The academic activity is too hard (Academic Acquisition Interventions) They have not had enough help to do it (Academic Proficiency – Accuracy - Interventions). They have not spent enough time doing it (Academic Proficiency - Speed Interventions). The student has demonstrated the skill before, but are having difficulty applying the skill in a new manner (Academic Generalization Interventions). They do not want to do it (Behavioral Fluency Interventions).

3. Haring, N.G. & Eaton, M.D. (1978). Systematic instructional procedures: An instructional hierarchy. In N.G. Haring, T.C. Lovitt, M.D. Eaton, & C.L. Hansen (Eds). The fourth R: Research in the classroom (pp.23-40). Columbus, OH, Charles E. Merrill.

5. Repeated Reading • Objective: Facilitate fluency (and comprehension) • Accurate but slow • Materials: Short texts at the student’s instructional level (can read with at least 95% accuracy) and asked to read the passage 3 to 4 times • Read Naturally • Read Naturally Live

6. SRI Grades 2-6: January 16-19 aimswebPlus Reading & Math Benchmarks Grades K-6:  January 12-26 DRA-2 (K-6):  Due NO LATER than February 1 Winter Assessment Timeline Elementary

7. WEEBLY Please continue to utilize the Curriculum Weebly: http://frasercurriculum.weebly.com

8. Overview of aimsweb Plus • http://www.aimswebplus.com • Customer ID: 4982 • User Name: JaneSturgell • Requires Fraser email to set up • Password: Auto-generated

9. Curriculum-Based Measurement • CBM is one type of Curriculum-Based Assessment. • CBA is the direct assessment of what is taught in the classroom. • CBM is a standardized set of methods for assessing students’skills in different areas. • Reading, Spelling, Mathematics and Writing • Most helpful in lower elementary grades and struggling learners through grade 8 • Oral Reading Fluency is the single best predictor of general reading achievement through 8th grade

10. aimswebPlus CELEBRATIONS • Students will have the same username and password for the entire school year!!

11. aimswebPlus CELEBRATIONS Once tests are assigned, the student can go into TestNav to see assessments within the current school year (BM, PM, SLA). However, students will only be able to start tests for those which were unlocked in the platform. Tests will no longer appear in TestNav once completed.

12. aimswebPlus CELEBRATIONS Assess ORF any time during Benchmark Window!

13. KINDERGARTEN • Winter Reading • aimsweb Plus Letter Naming Fluency (student says the names of visually presented letters for one minute, 1:1 with examiner using a digital record form for one minute) • aimsweb Plus Letter-Word Sound Fluency (student says sounds of letter, syllables and words for one minute, 1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form for one minute) • aimsweb Plus Phoneme Segmentation (examiner says each test word and the student responds with the individual 3 or 4 phonemes for each word; 1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form, untimed) • Winter Math • aimsweb Plus Number Naming Fluency (student verbally names numbers up to 20 for one minute, 1:1 with examiner using a digital record form) • aimsweb Plus Quantity Total Fluency (student states total number of dots within each box or pairs of boxes for one minute, 1:1 with examiner using a digital record form) • aimsweb Plus Concepts & Applications SBA (student mentally solves various types of math problems, 1:1 with examiner using a digital record form – untimed 5-10 minutes) • aimsweb Plus Quantity Difference Fluency (Pairs of boxes containing dots (one with blue dots, one with red dots) are presented. Students state how many more blue dots are needed to match the number of red dots, 1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form for 1 minute)

14. FIRST GRADE • Fall First Grade Reading • DRA2 • aimswebPlus Letter Word Sound Fluency (student says sounds of letter, syllables and words for one minute, 1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form) • aimswebPlus Word Reading Fluency (student reads a list aloud for one minute, 1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form) • aimswebPlus Oral Reading Fluency (student reads two different stories aloud for one minute each, 1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form) • aimswebPlus Auditory Vocabulary (Student points to the picture that matches the orally presented word (untimed - estimated to take 2-4 minutes) • First Grade Math • aimswebPlus Math Facts Fluency – 1 Digit (student mentally solves simple addition and subtraction problems with numbers 0-10 for one minute, 1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form) • aimswebPlus Number Comparison Fluency – Pairs (student identifies which of two numbers is larger for each pair for one minute, 1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form) • aimswebPlus Concepts & Applications SBA (student mentally solves various types of math problems, 1:1 with examiner using a digital record form untimed - 7 – 10 min) • aimswebPlus Math Fact Fluency – 10s (Mentally add or subtract 10 to/from given numbers and state the correct answers.1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form for 1 minute) • End of Trimester Math Assessment

15. SECOND & THIRD GRADES • Fall Reading • SRI • DRA2 • aimswebPlus Oral Reading Fluency (student reads two different stories aloud for one minute each, 1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form) • aimswebPlus Vocabulary SBA (student identifies meanings of words – multiple choice, untimed – 4–8 minutes in Test Nav) • aimswebPlus Passage Comprehension SBA (student reads six passages and answers MC questions, untimed - 15-25 minutes in Test Nav) • Fall Math • aimswebPlus Number Comparison Fluency – Triads (student mentally solves multiple choice magnitude problems for 3 minutes in Test Nav) • aimswebPlus Mental Computation Fluency (student solves multiple choice math computation problems for 4 minutes in Test Nav) • aimswebPlus Concepts & Applications SBA (student mentally solves various types of math problems in Test Nav, untimed - 7–25 min) • End of Trimester Math Assessment

16. FOURTH, FIFTH & SIXTH GRADES • Fall Reading • SRI • DRA2 • aimswebPlus Oral Reading Fluency (student reads two different stories aloud for one minute each, 1:1 with an examiner using a digital record form) • aimswebPlus Vocabulary SBA (student identifies meanings of words – multiple choice, untimed – 4–8 minutes in Test Nav) • aimswebPlus Passage Comprehension SBA (student reads six passages and answers MC questions, untimed - 15-25 minutes in Test Nav) • aimsweb Plus Silent Reading Fluency (student reads 3 stories divided into 4 parts and answers multiple choice questions about each story in Test Nav – untimed – 4-6 minutes) • M-Step (Fall only) • Fall Math • aimswebPlus Number Comparison Fluency – Triads (student mentally solves multiple choice magnitude problems for 3 minutes in Test Nav) • aimsweb Plus Mental Computation Fluency (student solves multiple choice math computation problems for 4 minutes in Test Nav) • aimswebPlus Concepts & Applications SBA (student mentally solves various types of math problems in Test Nav, untimed - 7–25 min) • M-Step (Fall only) • End of Trimester Math Assessment

17. Administration: General Considerations Altering instructions or presentation of test forms, providing hints, giving corrective feedback or using test forms as teaching tools will invalidate results 1:1 & Online testing completed in a quiet space (limited distractions) 1:1 – position yourself so you are across from a student at a small table or the corner of a larger table If testing is spoiled (interrupted during fluency measures), students can retake the test a few days later

18. Administration: General Considerations • Accommodations – changes made to test setting, timing, presentation format or response format that minimize obstacles to perceiving / respond to test content WITHOUT changing the test – are permitted • TestNav – has a menu of special accommodations tools / features for SWD (contract settings, magnifier, answering masking, show / hide line reader • ORF – enlarging / modifying • Special lighting, adaptive furniture, etc. • Modifications – changes made to the testing process or content – are not permitted • Hints • Corrective feedback • Extended time on timed measures (ORF, MCF, etc.)

19. Administration: Math Grades 2 - 8 • No calculators are permitted on any measure • Number Comparison Fluency – Triads (NCF-T) & Mental Computation Fluency (MCF) are fluency measures with strict time limits • Concepts & Applications (screening only) • Students are allowed scratch paper and pencil • Untimed • Audio available

20. Administration: Math Grades 2-8 • Online measures (NCF-T, MCF and C&A) – all test directions & content are presented on iPad using the TestNav app (Self-Service) • Each student will need headphones / ear buds (have student test audio before beginning) • Examiners present and supervise (proctor) sessions

21. Administration: Math Grades 2-8 • NCF-T – comparison of a set of 3 numbers. Student determines if the top number in the triad is closer to the value of the bottom left number, the bottom right number or exactly in between the numbers • Directions / audio included • 2 practice items • Attempts as many as possible for 3 minutes (max 40 items – 4 items per screen) • MCF – 1 or 2 step mental computation problems • Directions / audio included • 2 practice items • Attempts as many as possible for 4 minutes (max 42 items – 2 items per screen) • Scoring Rules: NCF-T is combined with MCF and reported as a Number Sense Fluency (NSF) score (40 points max)

22. Administration: Math Grades 2-8 • C&A – one & two step word problems • 1 practice item • No time limit • Student attempts all items • Allowed to use scratch paper / pencil to solve test items • Audio is available • 29-31 items (depending on grade)

23. Math: Online Test Sessions • Encourage students to take any bathroom or water breaks before testing begins • Consider using a DND sign • Be an active proctor • Do not allow students to talk • Address questions individually by going TO the student with a question • Do not answer any questions about the test items themselves • Encourage students to answer test items based on what they think each item is asking and to the best of their abilities • Students should complete each assessment at his / her own pace • Test sessions consist of several sections. Be sure each student completes all sections assigned • Read script (found in Appendix A in Administration & Scoring Guide) • Walk around the room to make sure students are progressing through the test and answer any questions that arise (students should remain seated)

24. Administration: Reading Grades 2-8 • Online measures (VO, RC, SRF) – all test directions & content are presented on iPad using the TestNav app (Self-Service) • Each student will need headphones / ear buds (have student test audio before beginning) • Examiners present and supervise (proctor) sessions • Oral Reading Fluency – examiner uses a DRF to admin / score, but students need a stimulus book (2 stories each for benchmarking) • Directions pop up / stop watch built in • Score as you go including SC and score is automatically generated

25. Reading: Online Test Sessions • Encourage students to take any bathroom or water breaks before testing begins • Consider using a DND sign • Be an active proctor • Do not allow students to talk • Address questions individually by going TO the student with a question • Do not answer any questions about the test items themselves • Encourage students to answer test items based on what they think each item is asking and to the best of their abilities • Students should complete each assessment at his / her own pace • Test sessions consist of several sections. Be sure each student completes all sections assigned • Read script (found in Appendix A in Administration & Scoring Guide) • Walk around the room to make sure students are progressing through the test and answer any questions that arise (student should remain seated)

26. Vocabulary (Group) Second Grade to Eighth Grade Student identifies the meanings of target words (MC on iPad), untimed but estimated to take 4-8 minutes 1 practice item & Grade 2 = 18 questions, Grades 3 – 8 = 24 questions Audio available for all students (directions / text) Student can go back to change responses

27. Silent Reading Fluency (Group) Fourth Grade to Eighth Grade 2 practice items Directions only able to be read aloud Student reads three stories, each divided into four brief sections and answers MC questions about each story on the iPad – untimed but estimated to take 4-6 minutes Student cannot go back to change answers (system indicates whether each question was correct or incorrect) The time students spend on each screen is captured to determine reading rates for each story

28. Reading Comprehension SBA (Group) Second Grade to Eighth Grade Student reads six passages of text and answers 4 MC questions about each passage on their iPad – untimed, but estimated to take 15-25 minutes (24 questions total) Students are able to go back to correct a response Text is visible when answering questions

29. Oral Reading Fluency (ORF) MUST complete online portions (Grades 2+) before you can assess ORF 1:1 using a Digital Record Form (DRF) Directions appear in bold on screen Preview student passage to make sure it matches Begin when student begins reading Allow 3 seconds for the student to respond (timer in top right corner) Allow 10 seconds for student to sound out / subvocalize before saying the word and marking it incorrect Mark skipped lines, but do not redirect or give corrective feedback If student self-corrects within 3 seconds, record response as correct (re-click word)

30. ORF • “When I say Begin, start reading aloud at the top of this page. Read across the page (demonstrate by moving finger across the page). Try to read each word. Ready? Begin.” • After 1 minute, say “Stop” & record last word student read. • For Benchmarking, have student turn to the second story page and say: “Let’s try another one. Be sure to do your best reading. Ready? Begin.” • Note: if a student finishes in less than one minute, click the pause button and select “Score Completed Form” from the pop-up menu • Discontinue rule: if student reads 10 or fewer words on the first story, do not administer the second story. Click the pause icon and select “Discontinue Form” from the pop-up menu

31. ORF • Words are incorrect if: • A word is skipped • Any sound in a word is mispronounced • A different word is substituted • A word is not read in its proper sequence • An abbreviation is read rather than the full word it presents • The student self-corrects after 3 seconds have elapsed, or • No attempt is made within 3 seconds • Do not penalize for: • Self-corrections made within 3 seconds • Repeated words • Inserted words • Regional dialects, or • Articulation disorders

32. To assess ORF: Open Digital Record Form Click “Students” & “Benchmark Comparison”

33. ORF

36. Early Literacy (K/1) • General Considerations (Same) • Print Concepts, Initial Sounds, Auditory Vocabulary, Phoneme Segmentation are untimed • Fluency measures have strict time limits • Students can become frustrated when pushed too quickly so use professional judgment • Unless noted use a wait time of 3-5 seconds for an answer • Paper presentation of student test forms (REQUIRED) • Screening takes 10-15 minutes total • DRF includes all instructions needed to administer including what to say when the student provides a correct / incorrect response • Scores calculated automatically • Able to review responses and make changes if needed before submitting (due to self-corrections) • NOTE: Administer at least once to an appropriately aged child to ensure you are comfortable with all aspects of testing

37. Letter Naming Fluency (K) Student names upper & lower-case letters for one minute (100 possible) Wait rule: 3-5 seconds Discontinue rule: If student incorrectly Names 10 consecutively letters w/o SC, Click the pause icon and select “Discontinue Form” from pop-up menu

38. Letter Naming Fluency (K) • Letter names are incorrect if: • A letter sound is made rather than saying the name (after giving corrective feedback once) • A letter is skipped • Another letter name is given • The student self-corrects after 3 seconds have elapse, or • No letter name is given within 3 seconds • Do not penalize for: • Self-corrections within 3 seconds • A response of either i or L for a lower-case L • Regional dialects, or • Articulation difficulties • Note: if the student finishes in less than 1 minute, click the pause button and select “Score Completed Form” from the pop-up menu

39. Letter-Word Sound Fluency (K Winter / Spring & Fall 1st) Part 1: Student sees rows of boxes containing 3 letters, and makes each letter sound Part 2: Student sees boxes that contain a consonant, a vowel-consonant and a CVC word, and makes the corresponding sounds Maximum score is 75 points Student says as many sounds as possible in 1 minute Place pages in front of student in order and so that only the first page is visible Wait rule: 3-5 seconds before saying the answer and marking it incorrect; on a syllable or word, allow 10 seconds for the student to sound out or subvocalize before saying the answer and marking it incorrect Discontinue rule: Student produces sounds for 10 consecutive letters w/o SC, click pause and select “Discontinue Form” from the pop-up menu Note: if the student finishes in less than 1 minute, click the pause button and select “Score Completed Form” from the pop-up menu

40. Letter-Word Sound Fluency (K Winter / Spring & Fall 1st) Student must provide the most common sound of the letter (if the student says a less common sound, score it as an error) Vowels should be the short-vowel sound SEE: Common Sounds Pronunciation Guide (Table A1 Appendix A)

41. Letter-Word Sound Fluency (K Winter / Spring & Fall 1st) • Sounds / words are incorrect if: • A letter is named (after giving corrective feedback once) • The whole CVC word is said rather than making the word-part sound • A sound or sounds are omitted • Other sounds / words are substituted • The student SC after 3 seconds have elapsed, or • No sound is made within 3 seconds • Do not penalize for: • SC within 3 seconds • Regional dialects, or • Articulation difficulties

42. Auditory Vocabulary (1:1) First Grade – Winter / Spring Student points to the picture that matches the orally presented word (untimed - estimated to take 2-4 minutes)

43. Phoneme Segmentation (1:1) Kindergarten – Winter / Spring Examiner says each test word and the student responds with the individual 3 or 4 phonemes for each word (Untimed) Say to the student: I am going to say a word. After I say it, I want you to tell me all the sounds in the word. So, if I say Sam, you would say /s/ /a/ /m/. Let’s try one. Tell me the sounds in dog. It is especially important that the student can hear each sound of each word clearly!

44. Word Reading Fluency Student sees columns of words and reads as many as possible for 1 minute Maximum of 99 words Allow 3-5 seconds for the student to respond before saying the word and marking it incorrect Allow 10 seconds for the student to sound out or subvocalize before saying the word and marking it incorrect If a student skips an entire column, point to the first word in the skipped column and say: This one is next Discontinue rule: if a student incorrectly pronounced 10 consecutive words w/o SC, click pause and select “Discontinue Form” from the pop-up menu Note: if the student finishes in less than 1 minute, click the pause button and select “Score Completed Form” from the pop-up menu

45. WRF • Words are considered incorrect if: • A word is skipped • Any sound in a word is mispronounced • The student SC after 3 seconds have elapsed, or • No attempt is made within 3 seconds • Do not penalize for: • SC within 3 seconds • Regional dialects, or • Articulation difficulties

46. Number Comparison Fluency – Triads (Group) Second Grade to Eighth Grade Student mentally solves MC math problems, each requiring assessment of magnitude while comparing a set of three numbers, for 3 minutes on the iPad 2 practice items (self-paced)

47. Mental Computation Fluency (Group) Second Grade to Eighth Grade Studentmentallysolves math computation problems for 4 minutes on the iPad 2 practice items (self-paced)

48. C&A (K/1 or 2+) • K-1 • Student solves math words problems (untimed) • Note: Some C&A items have two-part questions; students must correctly answer BOTH parts to receive credit • Discontinue rule: If the student is unable to correctly name the first 5 items discontinue (click “pause” and select “Discontinue Form” from the pop-up menu) • 25 items total • 2+ =in TestNav

49. Early Numeracy (K/1) • General Considerations (Same) • C&A untimed • Fluency measures have strict time limits • Students can become frustrated when pushed too quickly so use professional judgment • Unless noted use a wait time of 3-5 seconds for an answer • Paper presentation of student test forms (REQUIRED) • Screening takes 10-15 minutes total • DRF includes all instructions needed to administer including what to say when the student provides a correct / incorrect response • Scores calculated automatically • Able to review responses and make changes if needed before submitting (due to self-corrections) • NOTE: Administer at least once to an appropriately aged child to ensure you are comfortable with all aspects of testing

50. Number Naming Fluency (Fall K) Number Naming Fluency Practice Page : 2 practice items Rows of numbers (0-20) Student reads across rows for one minute (80 numbers possible) Note: if the student finishes in less than 1 minute, click the pause button and select “Score Completed Form” from the pop-up menu Discontinue rule: If the student is unable to correctly name the first 5 numbers discontinue (click “pause” and select “Discontinue Form” from the pop-up menu)