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Moses M. Tenywa

How farmers are linking food security, adaptation and mitigation in East Africa Panel 2: Opportunities and innovations to bring climate-smart agriculture to scale . Moses M. Tenywa . Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute, Kabanyolo (MUARIK).

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Moses M. Tenywa

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  1. How farmers are linking food security, adaptation and mitigation in East AfricaPanel 2: Opportunities and innovations to bring climate-smart agriculture to scale Moses M. Tenywa Makerere University Agricultural Research Institute, Kabanyolo (MUARIK) Brussels Policy Briefing no. 29 Climate change, agriculture and food security: proven approaches and new investments, 27thSeptember 2012

  2. Presentation outline • African agriculture • Changes that have occured • Food security & land degradation • Climate risks & impacts • Adaptation & mitigation measures • Risk assessment & resilience framework • Strategies & institutional innovations for strengthening resilience of farming systems

  3. GHGs emissions in agriculture & carbon sequestration potential in selected countries in Africa(Source: Brown S et al., 2012) Land use changes-deforestation & conversion to agriculture account for 17% global C02 emissions (World Bank, 2009). Across four (4) EA countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda) and five (5) W. African countries (Burkina Faso,Ghana, Mali, Niger, and Senegal)

  4. What has changed in the cattle corridor of Uganda? • Demographic shifts – increasing population • Environmental degradation - fewer trees, degraded soils • Increase in pests and diseases • Lower yields • Population pressure – same land + more people • Shifts in weather patterns- increase in extreme events • Shift from barter to cash trading system • Institutional change – collapse of cooperatives • Declining strength of cultural ties and tradition • More social places & interacting

  5. Increasing climate related risks Consequences of drought Poor yields, low livestock productivity Famine Coping mechanisms Feeding children with milk Alternative foods (e.g mud fish and water weed (especially in the case of the 1940s drought) Diversifying livelihoods – other cash crops (orange) & livestock Drip irrigation, Crops with short growing season, Drought resistant crops Sharing water with animals

  6. Food security, production risks & hazards Land Degradation Pests & diseases

  7. Forest conversion and land degradation 37 MHa of forest & wood lands in Africa destroyed each year (FAO, 1986)

  8. Flood hazards impacting food security

  9. Declining productivity & extensification • 55% of the land in Africa is unsuitable for any kind of agriculture except nomadic grazing. • 20-30% of SSA’s cropland is now severely degraded (Oldeman et al. 1991) • Average yield of maize is only 1 ton/ha and most of EA countries will be unable to feed themselves by the year 2025 under “business as usual”.

  10. Technologies and Practices for enhancing adaptation and mitigation co-benefits in the agricultural sector

  11. Technologies for adaptation to climate change used by smallholder farmers Major management practices include; water harvesting, crop rotation with legumes and intercropping

  12. Linkages between food security, adaptation & mitigation

  13. Adaptation and mitigation strategy

  14. Diversification: diverse enterprises on the same piece of land

  15. Agroforestry & Afforestation enhancing removals-mitigation Agroforestry holds great C-sequestration potential (e.g. mature cacao agroforestry systems under humid conditions store 565 tons of CO2eq per hectare (Rice & Greenberg, 2000).

  16. Diversification and crop rotation

  17. Conservation and conservation agricultureConservation or reduced tillage agriculture increases SOM, moisture capacity and water use efficiency

  18. Agroforestry practices that enhance removals of GHGs • Integrating agroforestry in the farming system has mitigation co-benefits through carbon sequestration as well as modification of microclimatic conditions to reduce soil moisture stress. Examples include citrus, coffee and Jatropha in banana plantation and as live fence; • Also storage helps avoid emissions

  19. Water and fertilizer management-what is the C-foot print? Yield (t/ha)

  20. Strategies for strengthening resilience of farmers • Mobilization & sensitization • Participatory planning • Strengthening Natural resource user Self Help Groups-linking to markets & credit • Training • Collective Implementation • Participatory M&E

  21. ICT innovations for strengthening adaptation actions

  22. Institutional innovations

  23. Acknowledgements • EU-CTA-CCAFS • Participating Partners • Local communities • National & Local Governments of EA • Development Partners –EU, FARA, COL, DAAD, • Thanks for listening God bless

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