Wind Power: Clean, Efficient and Healthy

1. Wind Power: Clean, Efficient and Healthy Climate Health Action Teams (CHAT) 2015 Webinar Series June 17, 2015

2. CLIMATE HEALTH ACTION TEAM (CHAT) ACTIONS REPORT Over 2500 CHAT and PSR members sent more than 5,ooo letters to their Senators urging them to reject proposals weakening the Clean Air Act and delaying the Clean Power Plan.

3. Wind Energy’s Role as a Climate Solution Hannah Hunt, Research Analyst with the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) Michael Goggin ,Senior Director of Research at the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)

4. Wind Energy’s Role as a Climate Solution Hannah Hunt and Michael Goggin American Wind Energy Association June 17, 2015

5. U.S. Wind Market: Sizes and Applications • Small (100 kW) • Homes and farms • Remote applications (water pumping, telecom sites) • Mid-scale • (100 kW–1 MW) • Village power • Hybrid systems • Distributed power Photo from Tjaden Farms, NREL 13764 Photo from BergeyWindpower Co. Inc., NREL 02102 • Large, offshore (3-7 MW) • Utility-scale wind farms, shallow coastal waters • No U.S. installations • Large, land-based (1-3 MW) • Utility-scale wind farms • Large distributed power Photo from Native Energy Inc., NREL 17593 Photo from HC Sorensen, NREL 17855

6. U.S. Annual & Cumulative Wind Power Capacity Growth (Utility-Scale Wind)

7. Wind Capacity Installations, by State

8. Under Construction Activity

9. Wind Energy Share of Electricity Generation, by State

10. Wind Energy Saves Water • 68 billion gallons of water consumption avoided by wind generation in 2014

11. Wind Energy Avoids Carbon Emissions • 126,000,000 metric tons of CO2 avoided during 2014, or the equivalent of 26.4 million cars worth of emissions

12. The Declining Costs of Wind • DOE/LBNL Annual Wind Report: 60% decline in wind purchase prices over last four years, including incentives • Lazard 2014: Wind as the lowest cost energy source, excluding incentives

13. Utility Purchasers of Wind Public Service Company of Oklahoma- In announcing three long-term wind power contracts in February 2014, the Public Service Company of Oklahoma reported the move could reduce costs for customers by $53 million within the first year. Xcel Energy Minnesota - “Wind prices are extremely competitive right now, offering lower costs than other possible resources, like natural gas plants.” Arkansas Electric Cooperative Corp. - "Low-cost wind energy provides AECC with a hedge against fluctuating natural gas energy prices ... We will continue to pursue energy options that allow AECC’s member cooperatives to provide reliable electricity at the lowest possible cost.” MidAmerican Energy - “The expansion is planned to be built at no net cost to the company’s customers and will help stabilize electric rates over the long term by providing a rate reduction totaling $10 million per year by 2017, commencing with a $3.3 million reduction in 2015.” Alabama Power - In signing off on the contract in 2011, the Alabama Public Service Commission noted that the “price of energy from the wind facility is expected to be lower than the cost the company would incur to produce that energy from its own resource ... with the resulting energy savings flowing directly to the Company’s customers.” Xcel Energy Colorado - In a late-2011 order approving a wind power purchase by Xcel Energy, the state Public Utilities Commission stated that “the contract will save ratepayers $100 million on a net-present-value basis over its 25-year term under a base-case natural gas price scenario” while providing the opportunity to “lock in a price for 25 years.” Xcel Energy Southwestern Public Service Company – The New Mexico PRC approved $19-23/MWh wind PPAs in November 2013, noting the contracts will result in consumer savings of $590 million over their 20-year life.

14. Technology Advances: Wind Projects by Hub Height

15. Growth in Non-Utility Purchasers

16. Federal and State Policy

17. State Policy: Texas CREZ Transmission Lines

18. DOE Wind Vision: 20% Wind Energy by 2030

19. Wind as a Long Term Hedge; Prices w/ PTC are Below the Current & Expected Future Cost of Gas Source: U.S. DOE 2013 Wind Technologies Market Report, available at: http://emp.lbl.gov/sites/all/files/2013_Wind_Technologies_Market_Report_Final3.pdf

20. Wind concentrated in carbon-heavy regions -More than half of U.S. wind is in regions where wind has a 65+% coal displacement factor -54% of U.S. wind MWh displace coal Source: AWEA analysis using EPA AVERT tool, EIA 2013 wind output data

21. Europe: Very strong relationship between wind and electric sector carbon reductions Germany would have seen a far larger decline in carbon intensity had it not, for unrelated reasons, reduced the share of electricity it obtains from nuclear energy from around 30 percent in 2002 to 16 percent in 2012. Source: IEA data

22. Wind’s lifecycle emissions among the lowest of non-emitting resources Source: NREL/IPCC literature review and harmonization analysis, http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/sustain_lca_results.html

23. Wind provides large societal benefits AWEA analysis of Texas data shows gross benefits of $102/MWh of wind, half fuel cost savings and half environmental externalities, far greater than the current cost of wind energy

24. DOE: Wind has largest role for low-cost CPP compliance

25. DOE: Wind has large role in all CPP scenarios

26. Wind saves billions annually on 111(d) compliance cost AWEA economic optimization analysis for 111d compliance, using current wind costs, EIA data, EPA’s Alternative method for setting state RE targets, and the assumption that ¾ of EPA’s assumed EE and ½ of coal heat rate improvements occur.

27. Iowa: Where the Tall Turbines Grow! • AModel for Clean Energy • A Strong Economy • Healthy, Happy People • Maureen McCue, MD, PhD • Coordinator, Iowa PSR; member, PSR National Board

28. Iowa: Where the Tall Turbines Grow! A Model for Clean Energy A Strong Economy Healthy, Happy People

29. Global Climate Change Reminder CO2 Also Emissions Co-pollutants Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur dioxide Mercury etc., etc… Air Quality: Ground-level ozone, smog, fine particulates Atmospheric Deposition: acid rain, nitrogen & mercury

30. Goal Clean Power Plan (CPP): Reduce Coal Burning & CO2Halt Climate Change Additionally CPP means Multiple Direct Health Co-Benefits: • A strong carbon standard would ↓ emissions of multiple pollutants harmful to human & environmental health (esp. PM2.5, NOx, SO2) • Lowered emissions = improved air quality and less atmospheric deposition of pollution like acid rain. All states would see benefits (those with more shuttered coal plants, reap greater benefits). • The stronger the standards, the greater and more widespread the added benefits.

31. Summary Public Health Effects Coal(U.S. 2005) Fine Particulates (PM2.5) 130,000 to 320,000 premature deaths 180,000 non-fatal heart attacks 200,000 hospital & ER visits 2.5 million asthma exacerbations 18 million lost days of work Ground Level Ozone (O3) 4,700-19,000 premature deaths 77,000 hospital admissions & ER visits 11 million school absence days (Fann et al. 2012)

35. Iowa’s Experience: Wind = 28.5% Electricity Generated • $10 Billion in Capital Investment in Iowa’s wind industry • 5,708 MW Wind Energy installed by end of 2014 (by 2014 Iowa’s wind industry offset 9.2 metric tons of CO2 = removing ~1,600,000 cars off roads as well as saving >3.2 billion gals H2O/yr) • 3,198 Utility Scale Turbines w/ 98 projects on line producing energy • 14 manufacturers turbines/blades; 75 wind-related companies • 6,000-7,000 employed in all wind related activities • Landowners lease payments = $17.1 million/yr. • Iowa’s electric rates are lower than the national average

36. Iowa’s Potential: We’ve only just begun! • 75% of Iowa suitable for Wind Energy Development • Estimated total resources = 570,000 MW of wind energy • Wind power is capable of meeting > 44x the state’s current electricity needs • Current goal is 6,300 MW by end of 2015 (~3 coal fired power plants); then 20,000 MW by 2030 • Re. Intermittancy: The more wind turbines installed, the less additional variability there is in the amount of power that they produce. (contrast w/ abrupt failures of conventional power plants & sudden loss large amts. power • Additionally, ea. MW hour of wind generation prevents the loss of up to 600 gal. of H2O from fossil fuel power plant cooling

37. Many Iowans Conclude: Wind energy is a clean energy source providing communities w/ decreased greenhouse gas emissions, air quality improvements, economic and corresponding human health benefits! Iowa is a leader in renewable energy & energy efficiency. Iowa can do much more to achieve the full benefits of renewable energy & energy efficiency: For our economy, energy security, public health, the environment, & long-term prosperity.

38. Wind Power: Clean, Efficient and Healthy • Questions/Comments

39. This month’s Climate Health Action Team action: • Write to your member of congress and urge them to support clean, healthy and efficient wind energy by making wind production tax credits (PTC) permanent and oppose bills eliminating PTC from tax code.

40. Early this year, Congress failed to extend the production tax credits (PTC) for wind. • Congress must enact a permanent extension of this incentive to ensure the continued growth of clean and renewable energy industries. • Congress must support wind tax credits and oppose efforts such as H.R. 1901 (PTC Elimination Act), introduced by Rep. Marchant. • Action Url: psr.org/WindAction

41. Hold onto your hats! Here comes the Papal Encyclical!

42. The Next Climate Health Action Team (CHAT) Webinar: Wednesday, July 15, 2015 8:00-9:00 pm eastern Taking Action in Your State for Clean Power Plan Success For more information contact: Paz Artaza-Regan, Climate Organizer: partazaregan@psr.org or 202-587-5251 Barb Gottlieb, Environment & Health Director: bgottlieb@psr.org www.PSR.org 202-667-4260