Transitions

1. Transitions Transitions build bridges between ideas.

2. Definition • A transition not only joins two ideas but also identifies the relationshipbetween them.

3. Two Types: 1. Transitional words or phrases 2. Transitional sentences

4. 1. Transitional Words to show time - one day later... to clarify cause and effect - as a result... to show location - to the right... to introduce examples - for example... to add more information - in addition... to contrast information - otherwise... to conclude - in conclusion... to compare - much like...

5. Words Continued Examples of Transitions: Illustration Thus, for example, for instance, namely, to illustrate, in other words, in particular, specifically, such as. Contrast On the contrary, contrarily, notwithstanding, but, however, nevertheless, in spite of, in contrast, yet, on one hand, on the other hand, rather, or, nor, conversely, at the same time, while this may be true. Addition And, in addition to, furthermore, moreover, besides, than, too, also, both-and, another, equally important, first, second, etc., again, further, last, finally, not only-but also, as well as, in the second place, next, likewise, similarly, in fact, as a result, consequently, in the same way, for example, for instance, however, thus, therefore, otherwise. Time After, afterward, before, then, once, next, last, at last, at length, first, second, etc., at first, formerly, rarely, usually, another, finally, soon, meanwhile, at the same time, for a minute, hour, day, etc., during the morning, day, week, etc., most important, later, ordinarily, to begin with, afterwards, generally, in order to, subsequently, previously, in the meantime, immediately, eventually, concurrently, simultaneously. Space At the left, at the right, in the center, on the side, along the edge, on top, below, beneath, under, around, above, over, straight ahead, at the top, at the bottom, surrounding, opposite, at the rear, at the front, in front of, beside, behind, next to, nearby, in the distance, beyond, in the forefront, in the foreground, within sight, out of sight, across, under, nearer, adjacent, in the background. Concession Although, at any rate, at least, still, thought, even though, granted that, while it may be true, in spite of, of course. Similarity Of Comparison Similarly, likewise, in like fashion, in like manner, analogous to. Emphasis Above all, indeed, truly, of course, certainly, surely, in fact, really, in truth, again, besides, also, furthermore, in addition. Details Specifically, especially, in particular, to explain, to list, to enumerate, in detail, namely, including. Examples For example, for instance, to illustrate, thus, in other words, as an illustration, in particular. Consequence Or Result So that, with the result that, thus, consequently, hence, accordingly, for this reason, therefore, so, because, since, due to, as a result, in other words, then.

6. 2. Transitional sentences No one can build a bridge (transition) without knowing where it will begin and where it will end up.

7. Linking ideas Good writers connect one thought with the next unconsciously using content that’s already in the text to bridge the content together instead of bringing words from outside. To create bridges, writers must physically join individual sentences.

8. Example …My peers look at my rattletrap and think I am a cursed child, with no hope of ever being popular. They are quite wrong, though. Once you get to know him, Harry is the American dreamcar. He isfar from afantasy at first glance. He is ugly… Harry also complicates my life because of his faulty fuel gauge.

9. Example Introductory Paragraph People are mistaken who believe the high Rockies are hard to climb. To the traveler who has passed through the plains of Kansas and eastern Colorado, the high Rockies might seem like a beautiful but forbidding wilderness, approachable by only the toughest mountaineers. It is true that the 53 peaks in the Rockies that soar over 14,000 feet in elevation should only be attempted by seasoned climbers. However, the peaks under 14,000 feet, the fourteeners, can be easily climbed by the average person. Actually, climbing Colorado's fourteeners is hardly a rugged experience because most of them take only a day to climb, involve no more than hiking and simple scrambling, and are conquered by many people each year. Body A Surprisingly, unlike expeditions to Mt. McKinley or Mt. Everest, a climb up one of Colorado's 14,000 foot peaks rarely takes more than a day. Pike's Peak, with the state's greatest base-to-summit elevation gain, is admittedly a strenuous climb, yet a retired college professor in his middle seventies makes the hike every day in the summer. A friend of mine, Carson Black, in a day, once climbed four fourteeners, three of which--Crestone Peak, Crestone Needle, and Kit Carson Peak--are the most challenging in the state. Even more revealing is the Bicentennial celebration by the Colorado Mountain Club. It planned to have members on the summit of every fourteener in the state on July 4, 1976. Only a handful of ascents took more than a day. Body B Colorado's 14,000-foot peaks are also fairly easy to climb because they require no special climbing techniques. The "knife-edge traverse" on Capitol Peak is probably the most infamous challenge, yet most hikers who carry ropes don't use them when they see the ridge is not very intimidating. The highest peak in the state, Mt. Elbert, is so simple to climb that a jeep made it in 1949, and one man "rode a 24-year-old bicycle to the summit in 1951" (Perry Eberhart and Philip Schmuck, The Fourteeners, p. 38). I personally saw two motorcycles on the 14,000-foot ridge between Mt. Democrat and Mt. Lincoln.

10. Examples What I did not know when I began researching the connection between radioactivity and genetic damage was that I would find the probable cause of my own family's battle with cancer and other health problems. Hailing from Utah, the state known for its Mormon population's healthy lifestyle, my family has been plagued with a number of seemingly unrelated health problems.

11. Examples ....The large yearly catches, peaking at 130 million pounds from the Gulf of Maine in 1942, wiped out the fishery.  It has yet to recover.    The propensity to ravage the sea is by no means unique to New England.  The northern cod fishery in Canada is closed indefinitely.  In Newfoundland more than 20,000 fishermen and fish processors were abruptly put out of work in 1992 when the government shut down the Grand Banks...

12. Examples Amy Tan became a famous author after her novel, The Joy Luck Club, skyrocketed up the bestseller list. Though her fiction is well known, her work with the satirical garage band the Rock Bottom Remainders receives far less publicity.

13. How to connect sentences Draw a Venn diagram.

14. Finding connections Put the main ideas of your last sentence in the large part of your circle. Put the main idea of paragraph 2 in circle two. Find a synonym, key phrase, pronoun etc… the two sentences have in common Create a new sentence bridging them together using the synonym, key phrase etc…