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Egypt

Egypt. What Do You Know About Egypt?. 1. What is the capital of Egypt? 2. What continent is Egypt on? 3. What was Arab Spring? 4. How many pyramids are in Egypt? 5. Can you name any ancient Egyptian gods? 6. What is the Sphinx a statue of? 7. Who was Cleopatra?

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Egypt

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  1. Egypt

  2. What Do You Know About Egypt? 1. What is the capital of Egypt? 2. What continent is Egypt on? 3. What was Arab Spring? 4. How many pyramids are in Egypt? 5. Can you name any ancient Egyptian gods? 6. What is the Sphinx a statue of? 7. Who was Cleopatra? 8. Can you name any Pharaohs? 9. What bodies of water is Egypt on?

  3. Quick Facts • Population approx. 89 million • Capital city = Cairo • A transcontinental country (on 2 continents – Africa and Asia) • The Nile is the world’s longest river • The Sahara is the world’s largest hot desert • Cancun is more south than Egypt • Egypt is the most populous country in the Arab World, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world • Egypt has approx. 120-130 pyramids

  4. Brief History • 5000 BC = People settle down and grow crops along the banks of the Nile • 2630 BC = Imhotep builds the first pyramid • 1347-1339 BC = The reign of Tutankhamen • 1182-1151 B.C = Reign of Ramses III, Hebrew migration out of Egypt • 332 B.C. = Alexander the Great conquers Egypt • 31 BC = Rome conquers Egypt. Cleopatra commits suicide. • 642 AD = Arab conquest of Egypt. • 1517 = Egypt becomes a part of the Ottoman Empire • 1822 = Discovery of how to read ancient hieroglyphics • 1882-1922 = UK controls Egypt • 1953 = Egypt becomes independent • 2011 = Egyptian revolution, longtime President Hosni Mubarak stepped down amid mass protests

  5. Egyptian Revolution 2011 • Egyptian protestors focused on lack of free speech and free elections, police brutality, government corruption, high unemployment, inflation, and continued use of emergency law. • An estimated 800 people died and over 6,000 were injured in the process. • Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak resigned on February 11th. • The Egyptian revolution sparked other revolutions in Yemen, Syria, Jordan, Libya, and Bahrain

  6. Weird Facts • On average, only an inch of rain falls in Egypt per year. • Pharaoh Ramses II had over 90 children with his 8 official wives and nearly 100 concubines • Because hieroglyphs have no vowels, we will never know for sure how the ancients pronounced their words.

  7. Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt

  8. Tourism in Egypt • Tourism compromises 12% of the work force in Egypt • During the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, the number of visitors plummeted by over 37% that year • In the first half of 2014 the number of tourists further declined by 25% as compared with the same period of 2013, while revenues shrank by 25% as well.

  9. Cairo • The capital and largest city, population over 10 million • Mosques, marketplaces, museums • Pyramids of Giza

  10. Egyptian Museum • It contains mummies, death masks, sarcophaguses, relics from Pharaohs’ tombs

  11. The Egyptian museum has been arguing with the UK for decades for them to return their treasures • Ex: the Rosetta Stone. Discovered in Rosetta, Egypt by a French officer in 1799, this 2,200-year-old black basalt stone is now a famous artifact as it held the key for deciphering ancient hieroglyphics. The stone was acquired by the British when they defeated the French in 1801, and transferred it to the British Museum in London in 1802. Although Egypt has continued to push for the stone's return, the British Museum refuses to budge.

  12. A German museum has a 3,400-year-old bust of Queen Nefertiti. It is the star attraction of the Egyptian collection at the Neues Museum in Berlin, drawing more than 1 million viewers every year. • The Egyptians lobbied to have it returned, the Germans refused • They say "She is and remains the ambassador of Egypt in Berlin.“ • They also say she is too delicate to survive the trip back to Egypt

  13. Egypt Can’t Afford To Track Down Its Treasures Anymore • Egypt is not able to afford searches for ancient buried treasure because of its economic crisis • With an economy that thrives from tourism, it has been hit hard since the 2011 revolution • Over 20 museums have closed down since the revolution, and they do not have the resources to run them anymore

  14. The Great Pyramids • The pyramids of Egypt are not only the oldest of the seven wonders of the ancient world, they are the only ones to survive today.  • At the Giza Pyramid complex, there are 6 pyramids and the Sphinx • Contrary to popular belief, it is no longer thought that the pyramids of Giza were built by slaves

  15. They originally looked like this! • They were originally covered in white limestone, and one had a gold capstone at the pinnacle • This casing remained intact until the 12th century, at which time it was "quarried" and used for the building of mosques and fortresses in Cairo

  16. The Great Pyramid of Khufu • Built as a burial place for King Khufu (2589-2566 B.C.) and took more than 20 years to build. • It is built from over two million blocks of limestone, each one weighing as much as two and a half elephants. It stands about 460 feet (149 m) high—taller than the Statue of Liberty. The base of the Great Pyramid takes up almost as much space as five football fields

  17. Pyramid of Khafre (2570 BC ) Great Pyramid of Khufu (2580–2560 BC) The Queens’ Pyramids Pyramid of Menkaure (2510 BC)

  18. This is how close the pyramids actually are to the city!

  19. The Great Sphinx • A limestone statue of a reclining sphinx (a mythical creature with a lion's body and a human head) • The face of the Sphinx is generally believed to represent the face of the Pharaoh Khafra • Built 2558–2532 BC

  20. The Nile River • 6,853 km long • Its water resources are shared by eleven countries • Most of the Egyptian population lives very close to the river • Without its floods and rich delta land, Egyptian civilization would never have become so powerful

  21. Aswan Dam • As an attempt to control the annual flooding of the Nile • Built in Egypt in 1971, one of the largest dams in the world • The rich silt that normally fertilized the dry Egyptian land settled in Lake Nasser after the building of the dam, forcing farmers to use one million tons of artificial fertilizer every year. • Created Lake Nasser, one of the biggest man-made lakes in the world

  22. Temple of Philae • Now is on an island downstream of the Aswan Dam • UNESCO moved the entire ancient temple complex to a higher island to prevent it from being flooded

  23. Valley of Kings • For 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, tombs were constructed for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom • Contain 63 tombs and chambers, and new ones are still being found • The tomb of Tutankhamun (with its rumours of the Curse of the Pharaohs), is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world

  24. Karnak • A vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, and other buildings • The second largest ancient religious site in the world, after the Angkor Wat Temple of Cambodia • The second most visited historical site in Egypt • Approximately 30 pharaohs contributed to the buildings • Built from 2055 BC to 100 AD.

  25. Luxor • The city of Luxor has frequently been characterized as the "world's greatest open-air museum", as the ruins of the temple complexes at Karnak and Luxor stand within the modern city.

  26. Abu Simbel • Massive rock temples in southern Egypt near the Sudanese border • Built 1264 BCE • With the passage of time, the temples fell into disuse and eventually became covered by sand. • The temple was forgotten until 1813.

  27. Between 1964-1968 UNESCO had to move it piece by piece to higher land

  28. Saqqara • A vast, ancient burial ground for the Ancient Egyptian capital, Memphis • Saqqara features numerous pyramids, including the world famous Step pyramid of Djoser • Located some 30 km south of modern-day Cairo • Built 2667–2648 BC • Older than the Pyramids of Giza

  29. Alexandria • Egypt’s second largest city • Located on the Mediterranean Sea • Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels • Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC • Known for the Great Lighthouse, Great Library

  30. Sharm el-Shaikh • A city on the tip of the Sinai Peninsula • A holiday resort and significant centre for tourism in Egypt • A major diving centre on the Red Sea

  31. Siwa Oasis • An oasis in the Western Desert, close to the Libyan border • The population are mostly Berber people, so they are closer culturally to the Libyans • Ancient fortress of Shali on top of the hill lies in mostly ruin • Rommel's tank corps also took possession three times. • German soldiers went skinny dipping in the lake of the oracle, contrary to local customs which prohibit public nudity

  32. Mt Sinai • A mountain in the Sinai Peninsula • According to Jewish, Christian, and Islamic tradition, this where Moses received the Ten Commandments • The oldest working monastery at its base • Two ways up: one is longer but easier, one is steeper and more direct route (the 3,750 “Steps of Penitence“)

  33. Food in Egypt • Kushari – the national dish of Egypt, made of rice, macaroni and lentils mixed together, topped with a spiced tomato sauce, and garlic vinegar; garnished with chickpeas and crispy fried onions • Ful Mudamas – a fava bean spread served with pita or French bread • Fiteer baladi - Also known as Egyptian pizza, the original is served plain, but it can also be ordered sweet (with honey, syrup, and/or powdered sugar), or savory (with meat, vegetables, and/or cheese).

  34. Shawarma • Falafel

  35. Is Egypt Safe to Travel To? • Global Affairs Canada advises against non-essential travel to Egypt due to the unpredictable security situation. • It advises against all travel to the Sinai Peninsula, due to terrorist activity and ongoing military operations by the Egyptian Armed Forces. This does not include the coastal resort of Sharm el-Sheikh. • Global Affairs Canada advises against all travel to within 50 kilometres of the border with Libya, the Siwa Oasis due to smuggling, terrorist activities, the presence of armed groups and ongoing military operations.

  36. Geography Now • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdNw0g7SOMc 12:03

  37. What do you think? • Who owns ancient artefacts? The country where it was found, or the person who dug it up? • Imagine you are an Egyptian historian. You also feel a sense of moral outrage when you see the treasures of your country on display elsewhere in the world without permission. You consider them stolen. You feel angry that people are basically gawking at the dead bodies of fellow Egyptians. You wish the treasures and bodies would be returned to their home. • Imagine you own a medium-sized museum in a North American city. Your prized possession is a gorgeous carved sarcophagus with a royal mummy inside. Your great grandfather, an archeologist, brought it back from Egypt in 1925 and it has been with your family ever since. The Egyptian government writes to you, asking you to please return it to them. You know they can’t really do anything to make you do it. Also, Egypt still has tons of mummies and sarcophagi! What do you do?

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