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Stoichiometry of Solutions

Stoichiometry of Solutions. Why solutions?. Most reactions occur in aqueous solutions because water is cheap, easily accessible and dissolves many substances Chemicals mix more completely when they are dissolved resulting in faster reactions

bennett-delaney
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Stoichiometry of Solutions

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  1. Stoichiometry of Solutions

  2. Why solutions? • Most reactions occur in aqueous solutions because water is cheap, easily accessible and dissolves many substances • Chemicals mix more completely when they are dissolved resulting in faster reactions • Allows you to adjust concentrations and temperature for optimal results

  3. Stoichiometry and Reactions • Solution stoichiometry – the procedure for calculating the molar concentration or volume of solution products or reactants

  4. Solution stoichiometry steps Concentration and volume of given substance Amount of given substance Molar ratio comparison Amount of required substance Quantity of required substance with known concentration or volume

  5. Example 1 • Ammonia and phosphoric acid solutions are used to produce ammonium hydrogen phosphate fertilizer. What volume of 14.8mol/L NH3(aq) is needed to react with 1.00kL of 12.9mol/L of H3PO4(aq)? • 2NH3(aq) + H3PO4(aq)  (NH4)2HPO4(aq) V = ? V = 1.00kL 14.8mol/L 12.9 mol/L

  6. Example 2 • In an experiment, a 10.00 mL sample of sulfuric acid solution reacts completely with 15.9 mL of 0.150 mol/L potassium hydroxide. Calculate the amount concentration of the sulfuric acid. • H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq)  2H2O(l) + K2SO4(aq) V = 10.00mL V = 15.9 mL c = ? 0.150 mol/L

  7. Example 3 • A technician dissolves 17.1g of Aluminum Sulfate, Al2(SO4)3 to make 250.0mL of solution. What are the amount concentrations of aluminum and sulfate ions?

  8. Solution Stoichiometry Summary • Write a balanced chemical equation and list the quantities and conversion factors for the given substance and the one to be calculated. • Convert the given measurement to its chemical amount (in moles) using the appropriate conversion factor • Calculate the amount of the other substance using the mole ratio from the balanced chemical equation. • Convert the calculated chemical amount to the final quantity requested using the appropriate conversion factor.

  9. Stoichiometry Calculations (Measured quantity) solids/liquids m  n solutions c, V solutions c, V solids/liquids m  n (Required quantity)

  10. Homework • Pg 449 # 1-9

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