Food for Thought

1. Interest Grabber Food for Thought Section 20-1 • What do you do when you get hungry? You probably go in search of food. Different organisms have different ways of obtaining the nutrients they need to live. 1. How does an animal obtain food? 2. How does a plant obtain food? 3. Predict how a microorganism described as “plantlike” might behave.

2. Animallike Plantlike Funguslike Take in food from the environment Produce food by photosynthesis Obtain food by external digestion Decomposers Parasites Concept Map Section 20-1 Protists are classified by which include which which which

3. Interest Grabber On the Move Section 20-2 • Think about the last time you watched a puppy at play, a fish in an aquarium, or a squirrel in the park. They don’t stay still for long. How do they get where they are going? 1. List five different ways in which animals can move from place to place. 2. What structures do these animals have that enable them to move? 3. What structures might a microorganism need in order to move?

4. How Are Protists Classified • Mainly by the way they move, how they obtain nutrients (animal-like, plant-like, fungus-like) • Movement: pseudopods, cilia, flagella • Obtaining Nutrients: autotrophic (plant-like)or heterotrophic (animal-like, fungus- like)

5. Section Outline Section 20-2 • 20–2 AnimallikeProtists: Protozoans A. Sarcodines B. Ciliates C. Sporozoans- AnimallikeProtists and Disease 1. Malaria • Other Protistan Diseases D- Zooflagellates

6. Life Processes and Lifestyle of a Sarcodines • Cell Type: Eukaryotic, unicellular • Where they live: water environment (freshwater and marine) • Mode of Nutrition: Heterotrophs, engulfs food • Reproduction: mainly asexually • Movement: Pseudopods via cytoplasmic streaming • Examples: Ameoba

7. Contractile vacuole Pseudopods Nucleus Food vacuole Sarcodine Example: Amoeba- Section 20-2

8. The Ameoba Main Structures Pseudopods: “false feet”- uses them to move by cytoplasmic streaming. Also uses pseudopods to engulf food. Nucleus: control center, hereditary info Food Vacuole: stores food and nutrients Contractile vacuole: regulates the amount of water and pumps out excess water and wastes Contractile vacuole Pseudopods Nucleus Food vacuole

10. Watch the ameoba movement • Ameoba

11. The Ciliates • Cell Type: unicellular, eukaryotic • Where they live : Water environment • Movement: cilia – short hair-like projections, similar to flagella that allow them to swim in their environment • Mode of Nutrition: heterotrophic- cilia sweeps in food from their surroundings, or food can enter through an oral groove • Reproduction: mainly asexual, can also by conjugation • Mostly free living – not parasitic • Examples: stentor, paramecium

12. Trichocysts Oral groove Lysosomes Gullet Anal pore Contractile vacuole Micronucleus Macronucleus Food vacuoles Cilia Figure 20-5 A Ciliate Section 20-2

13. Cilia- hairlike projections that aid in movement of the organism • Trichocysts- small bottle-shaped structures used for defense. • Two nuclei- Micronucleus (cell divison) & Macronucleus • Oral groove: collects and directs food into gullet • Gullet- An indentation in one side of the organism that collects food. • Contractile Vacuoles- specialized to collect water. • Endoplasm: cytoplasm toward the middle of the cell

14. The Blepharisma- Another ciliate

15. Paramecium life

16. Phylum Sporozoa - Sporozoans • Cell Type: eukaryotic and unicellular • Mode of Nutrition: heterotrophic (parasitic). Complete part of their life processes within a host cell • Movement: can not move by themselves. Rely on the host vector for transport, but can move within the vector • Reproduction: asexually within the host cell cell

17. Diseases that Sporozoans cause • Malaria • Caused by the the sporozoan named Plasmodium vivax • Plasmodium’s host is the mosquito • Can use chloroquinine to help treat it • Malaria Reading

18. Figure 20-7 The Life Cycle of Plasmodium Section 20-2

19. Zooflagellates • Cell Type: Unicellular, eukaryotic • Mode of Nutrition: Heterotrophic • Movement: flagella • Where they live: water and fluid environments • Reproduction: Asexual • Examples: • Trypanosoma – Causes African Sleeping Sickness, • Trichonympha – found indigestive system of termites

21. Plant- like protists • Cell Type: some unicellular, some multicellular (algae), eukaryotic • Mode of Nutrition: AUTOTROPHIC contains chlorophyll to carry out photosynthesis. Some can be heterotrophic when light is not present • Movement: some have flagella, some have cilia • Where they live: aquatic environments, soil, some live in colonies • Reproduction: mainly asexual, but some sexual (alternation of generations, spores)

22. Types of Plant Like Protists • Algae- are at the base of aquatic food chains (3 types- green, brown, and red) • Euglenoids • Dinoflagellates • Diatoms Examples: volvox, spirogyra (spiral shaped chloroplast), euglena

24. Interesting Facts About Plant Like Protists • They produce much of the oxygen in aquatic environments • Algae are protist not plants! Just because its green doesn’t mean that it’s a plant. • Some plant like protists are found in toothpastes, pudding, salad dressing that are used as thickeners.

25. Video Video • Click the image to play the video segment. Algae

26. Euglena Section 20-3 Chloroplast Carbohydrate storage bodies Gullet Pellicle Contractile vacuole Nucleus Flagella Eyespot

27. 2 Flagella • No Cell Wall • Red Eye Spot to detect light • Contains chloplas to carry out photosynthesis • Autotrophs and Heterotrophs when sun is not available • Pellicle: stiff outer membrane

28. 2 Flagella • No Cell Wall • Red Eye Spot to detect light • Autotrophs and Heterotrophs when sun is not available • Pellicle: stiff outer membrane Pellicle Eyespot

29. Important euglena structures • Pellicle- stiff outer membrane • Contractile vacuole- regulates and pumps excess water and wastes • Chloroplast- site of photosynthetic activity • Flagella- movement • Eyespot- helps to detect the light • Nucleus- hereditary, genetic material

30. Fungus-like Protists • Cell Type: eukaryotic, unicellular majority of time • Mode of Nutrition: heterotrophic, decomposers • Reproduction: asexual and sexual stages by spores • Where they live: water or moist environments, decaying plants and trees • Movement: can all move at some point, some have pseudopods (slime mold) • Commonly called: slime molds and water molds. Water molds responsible for the Irish Great Potato Famine, can destroy crops • Examples: Acrasiomycota - Cellular Slime Mold, Myxomycota - Acellular Slime Mold, Oomycetes- Water mold

31. Water Mold And slime mold

32. Go Online Internet • Links on funguslike protists • Interactive test • Articles on protists • Articles on protozoans • For links on protists, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code as follows: cbn-6201. • For links on algae, go to www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Codeas follows: cbn-6204.