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Civil Rights Test. Multiple Choice 28 Multiple Choice Questions Essay – How did the philosophies of Martin Luther King Jr. and the Black Power Movement differ? Which movement would you follow and why? Read – The Student Movement and the Counterculture Pages 800 - 805.
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Civil Rights Test Multiple Choice • 28 Multiple Choice Questions Essay – How did the philosophies of Martin Luther King Jr. and the Black Power Movement differ? Which movement would you follow and why? Read – The Student Movement and the Counterculture Pages 800 - 805
The Student Movementand theCounterculture Main Idea • During the 1960’s many of the country’s young people raised their voices in protest against numerous aspects of American society. Objectives • Explain the origins of the nation’s youth movement • Define the goals of serious members of the counterculture. • Section Theme – Government and Democracy -
The Growth of the Youth Movement • During the 1960s, a youth movement developed that challenged American politics, its social system, and the values of the time.
The beginning of the 1960s youth movement began in the 1950s. • During the 1950s, the nation had a boom in its economy that not all Americans enjoyed. • Some Americans, especially writers and artists of the “beat” movement, openly criticized American society.
The youth movement also reflected the huge number of baby boomers. • By 1970, 58.4 percent of the American population was 34 years old or younger.
The economic boom of the 1950s led to a dramatic increase in college enrollment. • College gave young people the opportunity to share their feelings and fears about the future with others.
Students concerned about injustices in political and social issues formed the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). • Their views were written in the 1962 declaration known as the Port Huron Statement. • Written by Tom Hayden, editor of the University of Michigan’s student newspaper, the statement called for an end to apathy and urged citizens to stop accepting a country run by corporations and big government.
Agroup of activists at the University of California at Berkeley, led by Mario Savio, began the Free Speech Movement. • The group, disgruntled by several practices at the • university, staged a sit-in at the administration building. • After some 700 protesters were arrested, a campus-wide strike stopped classes for two days.
The administration gave in to the student’s demands, and the Supreme Court validated the student’s rights to freedom of speech and assembly on campus. • The Berkeley revolt became the model for college demonstrations around the country.
ReadThe Growth of the Youth MovementPages 800 - 802 The Roots of the Movement Students for a Democratic Society The Free Speech Movement
Discussion Question 1 • What types of issues did the SDS groups focus on?
The Students for a Democratic Society protested the Vietnam War as well as issues of poverty, campus regulations, nuclear power, and racism.
The Counterculture • Some young Americans did not challenge the system. • Instead, they sought to create their own society. • The counterculture, or hippies, were mostly white youths from middle- and upper-class backgrounds. • They lived a life that promoted flamboyant dress, rock music, drug use, and free and independent living.
At the core of the counterculture was a utopian ideal of living, or the ideal of a society that was free, closer to nature, and full of love, empathy, tolerance, and cooperation. • As the movement grew, newcomers did not always understand these roots and focused on the outward signs of the movement. • Long hair, Native American headbands, shabby jeans, and drugs were common.
Communes or group living arrangements in which members shared everything and worked together, were formed as hippies dropped out of society. • One of the most popular hippie destinations was the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco.
As counterculture members rejected materialism, many embraced spirituality. • A broad range of beliefs—including astrology, magic, Eastern religions, and new forms of Christianity—were popular. • Two new religious groups of this time were the Unification Church and the Hare Krishna movement.
The counterculture declined, as some hippie communities became a place where criminal activity was common. • Drug use declined as the excitement faded and as more young people became addicted or died from overdoses.
ReadThe CounterculturePages 802 - 803 Hippie Culture New Religious Movements The Counterculture Declines
Discussion Question 2 • Why did a counterculture emerge?
The counterculture was a rebellion against the dominant culture in the United States. It was a reaction to the 1950s stereotype of the man in a grey flannel suit who led a repressed and colorless life. A number of young Americans wanted to build their own society different from their middle- and upper-class existence.
Impact of the Counterculture • The counterculture had an impact on American life as mainstream America adopted some of their ideas.
The international fashion world looked to the counterculture to create new fashions with more color and comfort. • Military, worn-out, and ethnic clothing was popular. As the initial shock of the counterculture waned, what was once clothing of defiance became mainstream.
During the 1960s, the distinction between traditional art and popular art, or pop art, ended. • Pop art took its subject matter from popular culture, using photographs, comics, advertisements, and brand-name products.
The new generation of music added to the rift between parents and youth. • Musicians like the Beatles, Bob Dylan, and Janis Joplin used lyrics to describe the fears and hopes of the new generation. • The master of the electrically amplified guitar, Jimi Hendrix, gained stardom after returning to the United States from Great Britain.
ReadImpact of the CounterculturePages 803 - 805 Fashion Art Music and Dance
Discussion Question 3 • How did the counterculture affect American culture?
Mainstream America adopted some of their ideas. The fashion world looked to the counterculture to create new fashions with more color and comfort. As the initial shock of the counterculture waned, what was once clothing of defiance became mainstream. During the 1960s, the distinction between traditional art and popular art, or pop art, ended. Pop art took its subject matter from popular culture, using photographs, comics, advertisements, and brand-name products. Long hair caused many schools to debate over the acceptable length. Eventually, longer hair became generally accepted. The new generation of music added to the rift between parents and youth. Rock musicians used lyrics to describe the fears and hopes of the new generation. Rock ‘n’ roll music was eventually absorbed into the mainstream. A new style of dancing emerged from rock ‘n’ roll, in which people danced without partners to stress their individuality.
