Section 2-20

1. The Creation of Israel The Jewish people had kingdoms in the land of modern day Israel dating back to 1200 BC. This land was difficult to hold and was taken over by many groups including the Greek, Roman and Ottoman Empires. This led Jews to be the minority religion and persecuted in many Christian dominated lands. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

2. The Creation of Israel After WWI the British looked to set up a Jewish state near what was Palestine, but this was rejected by the Arab League. After the Holocaust, many Allied nations believed that the Jews should have their own nation so they would not be persecuted anymore and supported the creation of Israel in 1948. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

3. Arabs v. Israelis The Arabs were upset with the creation of Israel for two major reasons. 1) They felt that the Jews were a threat to them in the Middle East. 2) They did not want to take on the refugee Palestinians who were forced to leave their former homeland. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

4. Arabs v. Israelis 1948 Arab-Israeli War 1956 Suez War 1967 Six Day War 1969 War of Attrition 1973 Yom Kippur War 1982 Israel Invasion of Lebanon 1987 First Intifada (PLO) 1991 Operation Desert Storm (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

5. Munich Olympics (1972) In 1972 a PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization) group known as Black September take 11 Israeli coaches and athletes hostage. The terrorists demanded the release of 234 Palestinians jailed in Israel. During a failed rescue attempt, all 11 Israelis were killed along with five of the eight terrorists. Due to the Olympic stage, the PLO gets its message out to a worldwide audience. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

6. Camp David Peace Accords (1978) In Jimmy Carter’s greatest foreign policy accomplish, Egypt becomes the first Arab nation to officially recognize Israel’s right to exist in the Middle East. In response to his signing this treaty, Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat was assassinated by Muslim fundamentalists and Egypt was suspended from the Arab League until 1989. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

7. Iranian Hostage Crisis (1979-81) 52 Americans are taken hostage for 444 days in Iran due to America’s support of the Shah of Iran. Muslim fundamentalists led by the Ayatollah Khomeini claimed that the Shah was attempting to Westernize Iran and this was a threat to their religion. This event crippled the Carter Presidency. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

8. Beirut, Lebanon (1983) On April 21st, the American Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon was attacked by a suicide car bomb. 60 Americans were killed in what was the worst attack on any American embassy up to that point in our nation’s history. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

9. Beirut, Lebanon (1983) Six months later, at 6:20am on a Sunday morning, another suicide bomber attacks a U.S. Marine Barracks in Beirut killing 241 American servicemen. It is the deadliest attack on America’s military since the end of the Vietnam War. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

10. TWA Flight 847 (1985) On June 15th, a Boeing 737 carrying 153 passengers out of Athens, Greece was hijacked and held for two weeks in an attempt to get Muslim Lebanese POWs released from Israeli jails. One American was killed. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

11. Libya and Momar Qadafi (1980s) Qadafi openly supported the PLO’s terrorist activities including attacks at European airport terminals. In 1986 President Reagan was able to directly link Libya to an attack in a West German disco that killed two American officers. An air strike was launched against Libya that seemed to shake Libya’s support of the PLO. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

12. Iran-Contra (1987) In an effort to negotiate the freedom for American hostages held in Lebanon, the Reagan Administration agrees to sell arms to Iran for their assistance. Ironically, the nation of Israel is used as the go between in this secret arms deal that is exposed in 1987. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

13. Iran Air Flight 655 (1988) In July of 1988, small Iranian gunboats are exchanging gunfire with U.S. ships protecting oil tankers in the Persian Gulf. During this exchange the USS Vincennesmistakenly identifies a commercial airliner for an Iranian F-14. Flight 655 is shot down by the United States and all 290 people on board are killed. Although the United States refuses to accept responsibility, it agrees to pay $61.8 million in compensation to the families of the people on board. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

14. Pan Am Flight 103 (1988) In December a Boeing 747 exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland on a flight from London to New York City. All 249 passengers and crew were killed including 169 Americans. This was later identified as a terrorist attack ordered by Iran in revenge for the United States shooting down the Iranian airliner earlier in the year. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

15. Operation Desert Storm (1991) During Operation Desert Storm Saddam Hussein ordered his military to launch SCUD missile attacks against Israel, hoping that they would retaliate and break up the United States’ fragile coalition with the neighboring Arab nations. Israel did not respond. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

16. World Trade Center (1993) In February, the first terrorist attack takes place in the garage of the World Trade Center as a car bomb exploded killing 6 people. The intention was to make one of the towers collapse into the other. Although it didn’t work, the terrorist responsible promised to attempt it again. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

17. Oklahoma City (1995) In April a truck bomb parked in front of the Federal Building in Oklahoma City exploded killing 168 people and injuring over 800. When the attack first took place many Americans suspected Muslim Extremists but soon learned that they were victims of domestic terrorism. A Gulf War vet named Timothy McVeigh conspired with his friend Terry Nichols to cause this. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

18. U.S. Embassies in Africa (1998) Al-Qaedamakes its entry into the world of terrorism against the U.S. by striking American embassies in both Kenya and Tanzania. These attacks put Osama bin Laden’s name on the FBI’s Ten Most Wanted list for the first time. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

19. Plot for Millennium Bombing (1999) Al-Qadea member Ahmed Ressam was arrested crossing the Canadian border near Seattle, Washington on his way to Los Angles with plans of bombing the LAX Airport on New Year’s Eve. He was sentenced to 22 years in prison. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20

20. USS Cole (2000) On October 12thAl-Qaeda’s launched its next attack against America off the coast of Yemen as a suicide boat crashed into the side of the USS Cole killing 17 sailors. It will be the last act of terrorism against the United States until the September 11th attacks 11 months later. (pages 899–900) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Section 2-20