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No-Flap Landing

Diagnosing the Problem. Easily heard

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No-Flap Landing

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    2. No-Flap Landing The fine details of safely handling this abnormal procedure

    3. Diagnosing the Problem Easily heard & felt with mechanical flaps A ‘Best Practices’ method for flap selection with electric & hydraulic flaps “Approach Flaps selected”… “Full Flaps indicated.” Without this discipline, it’s easy to miss a problem during high workloads or when distracted Then…surprise! As you stall 5’ above the runway.

    4. Mechanical Flaps For the most part, these systems are bullet-proof and my personal favorite But they do have one primary culprit when it comes to potential failure Many manufacturers use a thin cable to connect the cockpit flap actuator arm to the torque tube which actually drives the flaps down Over years of abuse those cables can kink, slacken, unravel, and eventually let go Often experienced when the flap setting is changed to the 2nd or 3rd notch, & the flap handle snaps to the floor

    6. Electric Flaps Takes all of the work out of flap movement…sounds much cooler & looks more civilized Electro-mechanical motor drives actuator arms to extend flaps, with no back-up Not uncommon to have partial flap extensions, even between defined settings Failure is recognized by slow motor actuation, a circuit breaker tripping, or a motor not turning at all (worn out brushes)

    9. Hydraulic Flaps Quite possibly the most problematic for light airplanes Small, electrically driven hydraulic pump with no back-up Notorious for developing leaks & pump motor failures Typically noticed when a circuit breaker trips after a few seconds of pump run time. Or, nothing happening at all when the control switch is moved

    10. Approach Airspeed Your airplane may have a published no-flap approach speed, but don’t be surprised if it doesn’t In its absence, do the mental math to determine 1.3 x Vs1 Example Vso: 40 Kts = Approach airspeed of 52 Kts Vs1: 48 Kts = Approach airspeed of 63 Kts

    12. Runway Length Not typically an issue for most light airplanes Becomes a concern with no-flap landings It’s common for landing distances to increase by 60% or more without flaps Due primarily to increased carry during round-out & flare Also due to higher level of energy to dissipate by mechanical braking after touch-down

    13. Final Approach This is an abnormal approach & landing…you’ll need an abnormal final approach Don’t be afraid to fly a 3 mile final if able You’ll want the extra time to find the right pitch/power combination to produce a stable airspeed/glide path to the runway Without flaps, the airplane will be noticeably more slippery & difficult to slow down Without the flaps down (lowered trailing edge = new chord line) the angle of attack for approach will require a slightly higher pitch attitude

    14. Crossing the Threshold Safety permitting, consider using an aim point closer to the approach end of the runway…ie. the far end of the threshold markings You’ll appreciate the extra few hundred feet of runway When it’s time for the round-out, reduce the power all the way to idle, you won’t need any extra Without the large amount of drag produced by the flaps, you’ll feel like you have plenty of energy to work with in the flare VERY smoothly begin to add back pressure to arrest the descent A quick “oh no, here comes the ground!” pull back, will put you well back up into the air

    15. Roundout & Flare Be very cautious not to pull back too quickly or “fish” with the elevator to avoid ballooning Expect to be tortured by the flare for a few long seconds more than normal You’ll feel like you’re screaming down the runway due to the higher indicated airspeed, try not to be intimidated Continue to smoothly flare to a full stall landing

    16. Touchdown To achieve critical, or near critical AOA without flaps the nose will need to be a few inches higher in pitch than a normal full-flap touch down Apply normal crosswind correction if necessary Slowly apply braking. Accidentally locking up the brakes is a bit easier due to the higher touch down speed.

    19. No Seminar Next Saturday: Communications Failure With Cockpit Video Download this presentation & join our weekly pilot newsletter @ www.inflightpilottraining.com

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