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MARS ODYSSEY October 24, 2001

MARS ODYSSEY October 24, 2001. Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). Visible Imaging System Visible-light images with 18 meters per pixel resolution Infrared Imaging System Infrared data set with 100 meters per pixel resolution.

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MARS ODYSSEY October 24, 2001

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  1. MARS ODYSSEY October 24, 2001

  2. Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) • Visible Imaging System • Visible-light images with 18 meters per pixel resolution • Infrared Imaging System • Infrared data set with 100 meters per pixel resolution

  3. Reviewing features on Mars as seen in THEMIS visible images and MOLA shaded relief context images

  4. THEMIS Visible Image Most THEMIS visible images are ~18 km across CONTEXT images appear to have the sun shining from the right Context Image: MOLA Shaded Relief THEMIS visible images are taken during the afternoon and the sun is shining from the left -19N, 173E

  5. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image 2N, 237E

  6. THEMIS Visible Image: Caldera Context Image 2N, 237E

  7. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image -20N, 240E

  8. THEMIS Visible Image: Lava Flow Context Image -20N, 240E

  9. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image Coprates Chasma -14N, 307E

  10. THEMIS Visible Image: Canyon plateau, landslides and floor Context Image Coprates Chasma -14N, 307E

  11. Landslide closeupsTHEMIS visible images Melas Chasma -9N, 282E Ius Chasma -7N, 275E

  12. Candor Chasma -7N, 290E

  13. Candor Chasma -7N, 290E Layers within Valles Marineris

  14. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image -47N, 19E

  15. THEMIS Visible Image: Sand Dunes Context Image -47N, 19E

  16. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image 55N, 190E

  17. THEMIS Visible Image: Splosh Crater with central peak and slumps Central Peak Slumps Context Image 55N, 190E

  18. Hale Crater -35N, 324E

  19. Hale Crater -35N, 324E Gullies found in crater walls

  20. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image 22N, 126E

  21. THEMIS Visible Image: Channel Context Image 22N, 126E

  22. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image 18N, 329E

  23. THEMIS Visible Image: Streamlined Islands Context Image 18N, 329E

  24. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image -3N, 331E

  25. THEMIS Visible Image: Chaos Terrain Context Image -3N, 331E

  26. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image 25N, 255E

  27. THEMIS Visible Image: Graben/Fractures Context Image 25N, 255E

  28. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image -15N, 175E

  29. THEMIS Visible Image: Dust Devil Tracks Context Image -15N, 175E

  30. THEMIS Visible Image Context Image -5N, 200E

  31. THEMIS Visible Image: Yardangs Context Image -5N, 200E

  32. Introduction to Infrared Light and Imaging

  33. Behavior of Light • Reflect • Transmit • Absorb • Emit • In the visible, we are seeing reflected light • In the infrared, we are detecting emitted energy

  34. Infrared Energy/Light • Primarily thought of as heat (thermal radiation) • Is part of the EM spectrum • Infrared energy is just beyond the red portion of the visible light spectrum – we can not see infrared energy with our eyes • Any object that has a temperature above absolute zero (~-273C or ~-460F) radiates in the infrared • Just about everything emits energy in the infrared – Everything glows!

  35. Video – Seeing in the Infrared

  36. ASU’s IR Camera • Gray-scale not color • Everything is relative! • Hot = Bright • Cold = Dark

  37. Introduction to Heating Effects

  38. Heating Effects • Sunlight versus shadow • Black versus white (Albedo) • What would you rather stand on: • Black asphalt parking lot • White concrete sidewalk • Albedo: A measure of how much light is being reflected • Dark colored material: reflects little light, absorbs a lot of light = low albedo • Light colored material: reflects a lot of light, absorbs little light = high albedo

  39. Heating Effects Heating Effect Visible Day IR Night IR Sunlight High Low Albedo High Low TI High Low

  40. Shadow Mapping Activity: Shadow and Sun Effects Materials Needed: -Notebook -IR Thermometers -Pencil -Colored pencils

  41. Shadow Mapping Activity: Shadow and Sun Effects • Find an object which is casting a large shadow and will be in the sunlight for most of the day. • Record the current time, and sketch (as seen from above) the shadow cast by the object. Be sure to indicate which way is north on sketch. • Using the IR thermometer, measure the temperature of the object and the surrounding ground at the points indicated in the sample drawing. • Create a temperature scale and color your temperature map.

  42. Temperature in Black and White Activity: Albedo Effects Materials Needed: -Notebook -IR Thermometers -Black and white albedo samples -Stopwatch -Colored pencils

  43. Heating Effects Heating Effect Visible Day IR Night IR Sunlight High Low Albedo High Low TI High Low

  44. Heating Effects Heating Effect Visible Day IR Night IR Sunlight High Bright Hot N/E Low Dark Cold N/E Albedo High Bright Cold N/E Low Dark Hot N/E TI High Low

  45. Thermal Inertia • Thermal Inertia (TI) = measures the amount of energy it takes to heat up a materials and how long it takes that material to cool down after the energy source is removed • High TI = requires more energy to heat up and cool down • Low TI = requires less energy to heat up and cool down

  46. Thermal Inertia • Think of a sandy beach during the day: As you walk around, what is really hot? • Think of that same sandy beach at night: What is the temperature like of the sand? How about the rocks? What takes more energy to be heated up and cool down (loose it’s heat)? = High TI What takes less energy to heat up and cool down (heats up and cools down more quickly)? = Low TI

  47. Thermal Inertia • TI is related to grain size • Rocks • Sand • “Dust”/finer grained materials

  48. Heating Effects Heating Effect Visible Day IR Night IR Sunlight High Bright Hot N/E Low Dark Cold N/E Albedo High Bright Cold N/E Low Dark Hot N/E TI High Low

  49. Heating Effects Heating Effect Visible Day IR Night IR Sunlight High Bright Hot N/A Low Dark Cold N/A Albedo High Bright Cold N/A Low Dark Hot N/A TI High N/A N/A Hot Low N/A N/A Cold

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