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Biomemetic Systems

Biomemetic Systems. Biomemetics: The examination of natural systems for inspiration in engineering design. Biomemetic Systems & Analogies to Engineered Aerodynamic Systems: 1,000,000+ described species of flying insects 43,000 species of vertebrates

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Biomemetic Systems

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  1. Biomemetic Systems Biomemetics: The examination of natural systems for inspiration in engineering design. • Biomemetic Systems & Analogies to Engineered Aerodynamic Systems: • 1,000,000+ described species of flying insects • 43,000 species of vertebrates • 23,000 marine, 10,000 birds and bats, 10,000 other • Evolution has conducted a multi-million year optimization experiment • Flying insects date from at least 245 MYBP • Presumably highly efficient flight systems have evolved • Despite this long optimization process diversity in flying systems still exists (after a presentation given by John B. Anders of NASA Langley, 2004.)

  2. Biomemetic Systems Many examples of biomemetic aerodynamic systems exist, e.g. high aspect ratio wings, variable lift systems & winglets (ibid, Anders) but we have yet to include sensory considerations.

  3. Skin-like conformal sensors Gusts are detected by sensory receptors at the base of feathers; Triggered by local ruffling of feathers, not by distributed pressure loading of wing structure (Lincoln et al.,1998; Daniel & Combes, 2002) Hearing Cochlea mechanics; Cilia used in detection of frequencies >15kHz with spatially distributed “transducers” that fire at ~1kHz Bone-conduction hearing Lateral lines/swim bladders Echo-location Vision Mammals typically have “stereo” vision Insects typically have 1000’s of lenses Optical flow for Micro-Air Vehicle (MAV) navigation concepts (relative motion of fore-ground and back-ground for depth perception while in-motion) James E. Hubbard Jr. et al. Biomemetic Sensors (Research Topics) Potential application areas Research topics Stadler et al. Yost

  4. Cochlea/Bio-inspired Sensors • OHC cilia: • 2-6 mm long • 0.05mm at their base • 0.2mm at their tip • IHC cilia: • 5-6 mm long • Similar diameter at • base and tip. • Typical nerve fire rate of • 300 Hz, peak rates of 1000 Hz

  5. Cochlea/Bio-inspired Pressure Sensors Anodic Alumina Matrix Magnetostrictive Nanowires of Varying Lengths Patterned Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Sensors Excitation Nanowire array sensors • Excited into lateral vibrations • Bending stresses cause magnetization change Cilia Nanowires

  6. Tectorial membrane Basilar membrane Tectorial membrane Relative motion induced shearing of cilia Basilar membrane Inner Ear Transduction • Acoustic waves induced basilar membrane motion. • Relative motion of tectorial and basilar membranes induces shearing/bending of cilia. • Bending of cilia triggers hair cell nerve response. (after mechanical model in G. J. Borden and K. S. Harris, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception of Speech, Williams & Wilkins Company, (1980))

  7. MEMs Pressure Sensor Concept Concept for fabrication of basilar and tectorial membrane analogs at mems scale for inducing bending of Galfenol nanowires Pressure induced bending of nanowires against the tectorial membrane will generate a magnetic field, which can be sensed through GMRs.

  8. Hair cell section Fluid circulation through helicotrema PACKAGING Schematic of the cross-section of the human-ear cochlea /www.vimm.it/cochlea/cochleapages/theory/hydro/hydro.htm Tectorial Membrane ( Pyrex) Basilar Membrane (Silicon Oxide) Δ V GMR sensor Sound waves Nanowires Nickel Flux Path PDMS Castor oil Schematic of the cross-section of the package for the Galfenol nanowire acoustic sensor

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