1 / 38

Chapter 10 1995 - 2001

Chapter 10 1995 - 2001. Internet Time. 1995 - 2001. Netscape + Internet Microsoft + Lawsuits UNIX – GNU + LINUX Dot com . Microsoft and Apple. 1984 Mac TV Commercial Not IBM, but Microsoft problem Early days, Apple & MS worked together BASIC for Apple Mac

baris
Download Presentation

Chapter 10 1995 - 2001

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 101995 - 2001 Internet Time

  2. 1995 - 2001 • Netscape + Internet • Microsoft + Lawsuits • UNIX – GNU + LINUX • Dot com

  3. Microsoft and Apple • 1984 Mac TV Commercial • Not IBM, but Microsoft problem • Early days, Apple & MS worked together • BASIC for Apple • Mac • Magnificent interface; no applications • MacPaint and MacWrite • MS Multiplan – MS spreadsheet • 1982 – MS had agreed to develop software for Mac • 1985 – MS Excel for Mac • MS programmers learned to program for GUI • Charles Simonyi, Xerox PARC, WP Bravo for Alto

  4. In the meantime… • MS wanted Mac interface for 8086 • Separate products, common interface • MS reputation not good • Lotus 1-2-3, WordPerfect were better • Lotus was developing suites • Symphony for PC, Jazz for Mac • Other sw being developed

  5. How did MS beat Apple? 1984 • MS, Intel licensed products • Result: clones • Variety and less cost • Windows GUI • MS Office – 80% of Mac capability at much lower price • 1995: MS/Intel became standard

  6. Microsoft Lawsuit • Anti-Trust / Monopoly – like IBM • Filed 1997 – settled November 2001 • Several states & European union refused to go along – pending • As with IBM, will advances in technology negate court actions?

  7. SW Development at MS • Charles Simonyi, Hungary • 1970’s – Xerox PARC – BRAVO – WYSIWYG WP • “Hungarian” Programming • To manage large, complex projects & large teams • All code for a project submitted to central file at end of day; compiled into a daily “build” • If your part caused crash, you had to fix it • “Build” was basis for next day’s work • Once functional, team had to use it

  8. SW Development at MS (cont.) MS Results: • No social or family life, eating from vending machines, “death march” to fix build • Steady stream of “improved” versions of Windows & an ever expanding suite of applications • MS had purchased many applications then rewrote for Windows • MS Office

  9. Internet Explorer & Legal Problems • Bundled Internet Explorer with Windows • Bought license for Spyglass, a browser • A descendent of Mosaic • Prevented Spyglass from selling a Windows version of the browser • Internet Explorer 4.0 released 1997 • Netscape & Justice Department claimed “tight integration” was contrary to anti-trust laws

  10. Legal Precedent • “Look and Feel” • 1987: Lotus vs. Paperback S.W. • Copied “look & feel” → illegal • FUD – “Fear, Uncertainty, & Doubt” • 1960’s: Data General vs. IBM • Announced IBM 360 just to “scare” customers of Data General

  11. Legal Precedent (cont.) • Tie-In • Well-established in anti-trust legislation • “Tie-in” required customer to purchase another product to get desired one

  12. Charges Against MS • 1990: FTC investigated agreements with IBM – OS/2 development • 1990: FTC – MS gained access to a prototype pen-based computer by GO – MS announced at a trade show it would integrate pen-based input into Windows • Never did; GO folded (FUD)

  13. Charges Against MS • 1994: Justice Department – bundling products into Windows – threats only • Consent Decree: would not “tie” sales of one product to another (i.e. require purchase of another product) • Would also release API details to other SW developers

  14. Charges Against MS • By 1995 – customers seldom “bought” Windows • Came on the computer • Made distribution costs lower • Consent Decree: MS could NOT require h.w. company to install Windows – but did charge per chip; not per install • 1995 – MS announced planned purchased if Intuit (Quicken), one of few application companies with a significant market share • Dropped when Justice Department objected • MS Programmers had learned much about product

  15. Charges Against MS • 1997: Internet Explorer 4.0 – bundled • Netscape claimed a MS “tie-in” • 1994 – Netscape posted free Navigator on Web (individuals) • Business paid small fee • “Lock-in” customers to pay for additional products • Their stock soared • 1996 – AOL chose IE over Navigator • Violated consent decree – “tie in” • Since free – cutoff Netscape’s revenue

  16. 1998: “Look & Feel” of Mac in Windows 2.0 Apple had licensed interface for v. 1.0 More than year, dropped, both needed cooperation Charges Against MS

  17. Microsoft Defense??? • 1997: Steve Ballmer • “to heck with Janet Reno” • 1998: Gates deposition • nervous & evasive • MS internal e-mails • very embarrassing

  18. The Prosecution • Judge Thomas P. Jackson: • In an interview stated prejudice against MS • Caused most of his judgment overturned in 2001 • Was removed from case

  19. MS and Networking • 1995: Introduced MSN – proprietary n.w. • 1996: Exchange – groupware communications system • Outlook: e-mail • Free Services • Yahoo, Hotmail – portals • 1997: MS bought Hotmail - $400 million • Runs on UNIX • MS presence on Web grows

  20. ARPANET and Internet William Wulf, May 1993: “I don’t think any of us know where this is going anymore, … but there’s something exciting happening, and it’s big.” -Former DEC Engineer -NSF in late 1980’s

  21. Paul Ceruzzi • November 1997 • Shaquille O’Neal billboard • www.Shaq.com • Internet was now part of entertainment, consumer spending, and popular culture • Mainstream America

  22. Acceptable Use Policy – NSF - 1990 • NSFnet: 1988 – 1995 • “NSF backbone services are provided to support open research & education in and among US research and instructional institutions, plus research arms of for-profit firms when engaged in open scholarly communication & research. Use for other purposes is not acceptable.”

  23. Acceptable Use Policy – NSF – 1990 • Allowed “announcements of new products or activities… but not advertising of any kind” • Allowed “communication incidental to otherwise acceptable use, except for illegal or specifically unacceptable use” • Unacceptable: “Extensive use for private or personal use”

  24. Growth of Internet • By 1992 – restrictions lifted • Jan. 1992 – one trillion bytes/month • Jan. 1994 – 10 trillion bytes/month • 1995 – NSF net “dissolved” • Structure for commercialization was already there

  25. Internet Legislation • 1999: Al Gore – CNN interview “… took the initiative in creating the Internet.” • 1992: Congressman Rick Boucher, Va. • Amendment to support networks for purposes other than research & education • When signed by President Bush (#1) – ended “acceptable use policy”

  26. Congress’ Vision of Internet • Summary pg. 322 • Opposite of what happened • High-speed government n.w. for research • Researchers would pay for use • Telecommunications companies would build and charge

  27. Java • Bill Joy – SUN • Need a new language • Advances of C++, with low-level of C or assembly • 1991: James Gosling at SUN • Oak – renamed Java • Announced March 1995

  28. Java #2 • Could run on almost any computer • Web designers: animation, movement, interactivity • “Write once – Run anywhere” • UCSD – p-system – 1980’s • Pascal based • 2 stage translation – failed • Now HW was faster

  29. Java Hype • Media: way to break MS hold on personal computing • MS got license from SUN • Embraced by those wanting to sell via Internet

  30. Early dot.com Sites • Amazon – 1995 • Jeff Bezos • 1995 – 100 orders/day • 2000 – 100 orders/minute • Dec. 99 – Bezos Times Person of Year • eBay – 1995 • Pierre Omidyar • 2001 – 7 million on-going auctions

  31. Policing the Internet • Amazon • Customers wrote book reviews • eBay • Feedback on buyers & sellers • Individuals provided control & screening service that the company could not

  32. Search Engines & Portals • Sites to help users navigate the web • 1994 – Yahoo! – Filo & Yang • Students at Stanford • Key-word index • Alta Vista – early search engine • Google • Sergei Brin & Larry Page • Ranks based on other links

  33. Web Critics • Tim Berners-Lee • Not tailored for personal use • Doug Englebart, Ted Nelson • Why must we all use http? • Web is one-way, shouldn’t be • Scientific use has been forgotten

  34. Tragedy of the Commons • 1968 – Garrett Hardin, biologist • Contrasts benefits to individuals vs. damage to common resource • Only regulation will prevent tragedy • Internet hasn’t come close to tragedy • Worms, viruses, Y2K, 9-11,dot.com collapse • Pollution – pop-ups, porn, spam

  35. Linux • Linus Torvalds – Finland – born 1969 • 1991 – goal to write PC version of UNIX • Studied Minix – Tannenbaum’s version • Discussion Group • Asked for likes/dislikes of Minix • Posted Linux in 1992 • Continued to grow in size & quality due to contributions of many

  36. GNU Richard Stallman, MIT • GCC – GNU C Complier • Used for Linux • Asked for public support for free GNU software system

  37. GNU General Public License • Place GNU in public domain • All modifications must also be placed in public domain • SW using it must be in public domain • Can sell it, though • MS Criticism: not the “American way” of free enterprise

  38. Chapter 101995 - 2001 Internet Time

More Related