English 11 End of Course Review

1. English 11 End of Course Review

2. Allusion or Reference? Question 1 • Allusion-refers to someone or something in the past, does not explain the something or someone (Can spot by capitalization…usually. He’s a real Tom Sawyer! This allusion connects with the idea that someone is mischievous.

3. Allusion or Reference? • A reference uses someone or something from the past, but explains the someone or something. He’s a real Tom Sawyer because he is mischievous. This reference explains the connection!

4. Critique Question 33 • Opinion based on facts Mark Twain is an excellent example of a controversial writer because he wrote books and stories that caused the government to label him as a traitor. Where are the facts? Where is the opinion?

5. Summary or Paraphrase?Question 30 • Paraphrase-Express the meaning of (the writer or speaker or something written or spoken) using different words, esp. to achieve greater clarity. .

6. Example: In order to communicate effectively with other people, one must have a reasonably accurate idea of what they do and do not know that is pertinent to the communication For effective communication, it is necessary to have a fairly accurate idea of what our listeners know or do not know that is pertinent to the communication.

7. Summary • A brief statement of the main points of something, i.e., a story, book, or speech.

8. Valuing Question 31 • To value is to appreciate • Would use positive/kind words Ex: Guinevere was a kind ruler who always cared for her people. The story would not be the same without her. Ben Cross’ ability to play the perfect foil to Lancelot made the story possible.

9. Passive or Active Voice?Question 40 • Active Voice-the subject of the sentence is doing something. Tom Sawyer tricked his friends into whitewashing his Aunt Polly’s fence. Tom Sawyer is the subject and he is doing something-tricking his friends!

10. Passive Voice • When the passive voice is used, the subject is having something done to it. Because Tom Sawyer was so tricky, the fence was soon painted by his friends! The subject is now the fence and is not doing anything: it is having something don to it-painted.

11. Stage Directions Question 49 • Stage directions are written into scripts, usually set apart by parentheses, and give the actor directions on how to perform his or her part.

12. Stage Directions Examples • Mark (speaking softly): “That was the worst day of my life…” • Jo (looking towards the sky): “It rained bad that day…” • Mark (exiting the stage): “I have to get back to work…sorry.”

13. Ambiguous Pronouns Question 17 • Ambiguous means unclear • Pronoun-he, she, it, her, their, me, I, my, several, few, none, either, both, they, etc, • The pronoun must clearly match the word it replaces or it is ambiguous!

14. Ambiguous or Not? Sally and Jane are new students; she is from Los Angeles. The new story and library are finished; it is a beautiful building. The students are taking the test; few are happy about it.

15. A Few Poetic/Rhetorical DevicesQuestion 29 Personification-giving non-human things human qualities Question 6 EX: The sky was angry! Hyperbole-to overstate or exaggerate EX: That was the saddest story in the history of the world, or even the universe! Everyone who ever read it cried for hours! Nothing could ever be sadder!

16. More... Alliteration-repeating consonants EX: Peter picked a peck of pickled peppers. Simile-compares two unlike things using like or as EX: A flower is like a volcano, color erupting as fire Metaphor-compares two unlike things, but does not use like or as EX: A flower is a volcano; color is fire Onomatopoeia-word that sounds like what it does Ex: Zip! Whizz! Buzz!

17. Types of Irony Question 7 • Verbal Irony-Say one thing, but mean the opposite • Situational Irony-the exact opposite of what is expected or planned occurs • Dramatic-the reader or viewer knows something characters in the story do not know

18. Persuasive Devices-PropagandaQuestion 28 • Used to persuade someone to do or buy something • shepherdenglish.pbworks.com/f/AdvertisementAssignment.pdf

19. 1st, 2nd, 3rd Omniscient and Objective Point of View Question 10 Who is telling the story? http://jenniferjensen.suite101.com/point-of-view-definitions-and-examples-a98883

20. Omitting/Deleting a SentenceQuestion 42 • Maybe not be important at all • May be important, but not as important as other details

21. Synonyms/Antonyms Question 45 • Synonyms are the same • Antonyms are the opposite

22. Sentence Order Question 11 • You have to read the previous sentence • Look for number order

23. Paragraph Order Question 37 • My advice-skip and come back or simply guess B or C • These questions drain time and energy!

24. Sentence Revision Question 14 • Does it sound like English? • Watch the commas! • Shortest answer usually wins! • Punctuation!

25. Implied Main Idea Questions 38 and 57 • http://www.palmbeachstate.edu/documents/SLC/Implied%20Main%20Idea%20Hints.pdf

26. Transitional Words Question 39 • Nevertheless-in any event, regardless • Furthermore-in addition, to add • Consequently-because of this • Overall-to sum up

27. Combining Sentences Questions 13,15,41and 44 • Usually the shortest answer • Too many commas ruins the sentence • NEVER join sentences with a comma • Sentences may be joined with a semi-colon (;), a dash (-), a colon (:), or a conjunction (and, for, but, yet, nor, so, or)

28. Usage Errors Question 16 • There, they’re, their • Its, it’s • Where, were

29. Choosing the Correct AudienceQuestion 18 • Who we are writing for determines word usage Mark Twain, due to his interesting life and beloved books, will always be remembered as one of the world’s most influential authors. Mark Twain was this dude who wrote some book books and was interesting; that’s why a lot of people like him.

30. Highly Focused Research TopicsQuestion 20 • One thing is easier to write about than two • The smaller the idea, the better Mark Twain’s Effect on the World Mark Twain’s Effect on Literature Mark Twain: An American Author

31. Thesis Statement Questions 12 and 25 • It’s what it’s about • Usually the first sentence • Sometimes the last • Rarely in the middle, but it happens

32. Sources of Information-Primary and Secondary Question 19 • Primary Sources are created by someone • Secondary Sources are about someone or something A Journal? An Essay on an Author? A Hand-written Letter? A Newspaper Article? Careful!

33. Where We Get InformationQuestion 22 • A Manual-usually gives instructions • An E-mail-usually personal in nature • A Business Plan-details about a business • A Project Plan-details about a project

34. Premise Question 24 • Premise- a previous statement, leads to a conclusion • Synonym-prerequisite

35. Analogies Question 55 Object and Related Object Analogies Examples: cat & kitten, plant & seed, dog & puppy, etcetera. Object and Classification Analogies Examples: knife & kitchenware, knife & weapon, red & color, pants & clothing, etcetera. Opposites Analogies Examples: crying & laughing, fire & water, question & answer, etcetera. Performer and action Analogies Examples: painter & paint, soldier & to fight, scientist & to research. Object and part of the whole Analogies Examples: brick & wall, glass & window, glass & light bulb, page & book.

36. Vivid Words Questions 45 and 59 • Vivid words paint a better mental picture! RUN: bolt, bucket, bustle, dart, dash, festinate, flash, fleet, flit, fly, haste, hasten, hurry,hustle, pelt, race, rocket, rush, sail, scoot, scour, shoot, speed, sprint, tear, trot, whirl, whisk, whiz, wing, zip, zoom. Said: whispered ,denied ,barked ,screamed, signed ,growled ,shouted, shrieked ,reported, responded ,roared

37. Author’s Attitude Question 47 • Attitude equals emotion • Good or bad • Approve or disapprove • Like or dislike

38. Inference Question 48 and 65 • Put the clues together • Not directly stated • Read between the lines!

39. Historical Time Period CluesQuestion 32 • Names • Places • Events • Specific things

40. False Premise (A+B does not =C)Question 35 • Logic-does it make sense? • Not directly stated • Makes reader make a wrong conclusion

41. Parallelism Question 46 • Verbs must agree • Things must take same form • Sounds a little funny

42. Parts of a Plot Question 50 • Exposition-background info, facts, names, etc • Rising Action-things start to happen • Climax-a major event • Falling Action-things are ending/calming down • Conclusion-it’s over

43. New English Words Question 53 • Sound Familiar? • If not, it’s probably new! • http://www.learn-english-today.com/New-words/new-words-in-english.html

44. Strengthening an ArgumentQuestion 54 • What is the topic? • What are the existing arguments? • Which choice is similar? • http://www.testmagic.com/knowledge_base/critical_reasoning/warm_ups_01.htm

45. Opinion v. Fact Question 52 • Facts can be proven • Opinions can not, may be based on emotions Everybody is happy today! There are seven days in a week. Saturday is the best day!

46. Word Origins Question 63 • Greek roots-astro, amphi, andro, anti, anth, bio, calli, cardio, centr, chlor, cine, con, crypt, dem, demo, derm, eco, epi, exo, gast, gram, graph, gyn, helo, hydro, kilo, lith, lysis, macro, mania, micro, mis, mono, myth, naut, oct, onym, path, pent, phys, plagi, poli, pro, pseudo, schem, syn, tele, tri,

47. Synthesizing-Combining InfoQuestion 58 • Take different parts and create something new A Mark Twain Essay+asummarry of The Prince and the Pauper+a summary of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer=a synthesized research project

48. Revealing Character Question 60 • Also known as characterization • What they do • What they say • What hey think • Their appearance • What others say about them • What others think about them

49. Cause and Effect Question 62 • Something occurs-Cause • The result of the cause-the Effect

50. Foreign Words and PhrasesQuestion 64 • quizlet.com/.../common-foreign-words-and-phrases-flash-cards/