Dave Nakamura ICCAIA/Boeing Member to ICAO OCP and RNP SORSG

1. Symposium on Performance of the Air Navigation System 2007Industry Perspective -ImplementationMarch 29, 2007 Dave Nakamura ICCAIA/Boeing Member to ICAO OCP and RNP SORSG

2. Implementation Challenges • Measures of Success • Leveraging Capability • Global Interoperability • Value/Benefits to Users, ATC/Airports • Simpler Qualification and Approvals • Conclusions

3. Implementation Challenges Effectively integrating aircraft and advanced air traffic management into Performance-based flight operations

4. Implementation Challenges Delivering solutions now with an evolution path for advanced technology, capacity, efficiency and safety Delay in System Advanced, Underutilized Capabilities Traffic Growth Safety Needed Lots of Technology

5. Implementation Challenges Timely flow to implementation 1992 Operational Concept: Trajectory based operations with RNAV, RNP, & VNAV for access, capacity, efficiency & safety Operational Requirements: Reduced separation & spacing, improved access, optimize airspace design & usage, operational flexibility, etc Standards & Guidance: SARPS, PANS-Ops, PANS-ATM, DO-236, D0-283, EURO Nav Standard, AWO Manual, RNP Roadmap, etc 15 YEARS ! Aircraft & Infrastructure: ATS: Flt Plan Designators, Navaids,etc A/C: Equipage, capability Application Development: Procedures, Specials, Trials, Ops Spec criteria, charts, ATS procedures, etc Regulatory Criteria & Policy: US: AC’s, FAR,Notices, HBATs, Manuals, TERPS, etc. EU: ACJ’s, JAR, Procedure Manual, AIC, TGL, etc 2007 Operational Implementation: Ops Approvals, ATM Manuals, AIM,Charts, Op Manual & Specs, AFM, etc Need quicker, better, faster!

6. Measures of Success • Leveraging capability • Global interoperability • Value and Benefits to Users, ATC/Airports leading to investment in upgrades and more advances in aircraft capabilities • Simpler operation qualification and approvals e.g. like GPS RNAV today

7. Leveraging Capability RNP Certified Airplanes are available 2006 2007 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 RTCA SC-181 Started Initial Alaska RNP Ops Westjet RNP Ops Authorized AC90-101 Dec ‘05 RTCA SC-181 MASPS DO-236 US AR Authorized (Estimate) SC-181 Data Standards DO-201A AC120-29A Aug ‘02 RTCA SC-181 NDB Standards DO-200A 4 US AR Procedures 33 US AR Procedures 25 US AR Procedures Planned

8. Leveraging Capability RNP Certified Airplanes are available

9. 40, 000 35, 970 30, 000 17, 630 New Airplanes for Growth 20, 000 27, 210 17, 330 9, 580 New Airplanes for Replacement 10, 000 8, 760 Retained Fleet 0 2005 2025 Leveraging Capability Aircraft/Operator Authorizations are slow coming RNP Aircraft <700 Approved for RNP AR Operations, 7 Operators, 0 for RNP APP

10. Leveraging Capability < 700 approved for RNP AR operations, so far

11. Leveraging Capability Few RNP procedures. So far, fewer actually being used 4, 000 RNP Procedures ~300 RNP Specials, ~60 RNP AR, No RNP APP yet 30, 000 20, 000 17, 330 RNP Aircraft 10, 000 <700 Approved for RNP AR Operations, 7 Operators 0 2005 2025

12. Global Interoperability • ICAO RNP Special Operational Requirements Study Group coordination in the development of ICAO manual for Performance Based Navigation. • Clarification of concepts, and guidance for implementation • Draft Manual expected 2nd or 3rd quarter 2007. • Regulatory Guidance and Approvals • Differences exist today. PBN Manual must lead to convergence across RNAV, RNP and enabling technologies • Aircraft/Operator Approvals • Today, different regulators have differing demands on airworthiness & manufacturer, and operator approval • Differences confusing to operators and manufacturers

13. Value/Benefits to Users, ATC/Airports • RNAV Departures/Arrivals • Existing FMS and RNAV capabilities are resulting in operational improvements & savings i.e. time/fuel, ATC workload, etc • RNP AR and APP • Initial AR sites are seeing improved access (PSP, PDX, ZQN) as well as time/fuel savings. Air Transport operators seeking to leverage certified RNP capabilities of their fleets. Other aircraft and rotorcraft are waiting in line. Many are in a learning state. • Widespread adoption of RNP for approach requires a broader and easier solution e.g. criteria to convert RNAV(GNSS) to RNP • Navigation Infrastructure Evolution • A consistent, safe, cost effective transition is necessary • Benefits must be wide-spread and identifiable

14. Simpler Qualification and Approvals • Aircraft Operational Qualification – So far AR only • Achieved for 737, A320, Q400, but significant levels of post-certification airworthiness analysis and data required. 757/767, 777, A330, etc in progress. Challenges include approvals consistent with their certification, and reexamination of aircraft. • Potential complications from current criteria that appears to preclude use of electronic map for lateral deviation, implication of required deviation display and format, implication of overlapping system safety assumptions. • Military, regional jets, rotorcraft, etc aircraft to consider • Operator Approvals – So far AR only • Applicant process and packages are extensive, and subject to delays associated with a new review process. ANY CHANGE to software invalidates existing approval. Improvements needed.

15. Conclusions • Performance Based Navigation is a journey • Current RNP SAAAR operations and criteria are not at the level expected. It should be easier. • Issues being raised require attention and evolution in processes, guidance material and a single set of regulatory criteria to effectively integrate new technology, RNP SAAAR, RNP, RNAV, and global operations. Early preparation and planning advised. • The communication and approval processes need improvement. Need a breakthrough in implementation. • Everybody needs to be involved. Resources are needed as we progress basic RNP, RNP APP, benefits, etc

16. Thank You to: • Frank Alexander – Northwest Airlines • Kimberly Bell – Universal Avionics • Mike Cramer – Mitre • Didier Delibes – Airbus • Sarah Dalton – Alaska Airlines • Steve Fulton – Naverus • Dave Hathaway – Westjet Airlines • Ken Speir – Delta Airlines

17. Thank You