What is Crime?

1. What is Crime? Criminal Justice Unit

2. Quote "One important key to success is self-confidence. An important key to self- confidence is preparation." –Arthur Ash 1. What does this quote mean? 2. How important is self-confidence when someone is successful? 3. How confident do you feel when you are prepared for a test, game, or routine?

3. Vocabulary Public Order Crime-Behavior that is criminal because it is contrary to shared social values and beliefs. High Tech Crimes-Computer crimes (internet) Organized Crime-group of persons engaged in illegal goods or services, such as illicit drugs or firearms. Property Crime-Crimes committed against property, including theft, burglary, and arson. Violent Crime-Crimes committed against persons, including murder, rape, assault and battery, and robbery. White-Collar Crime-Nonviolent crimes committed by corporations and individuals to gain a personal or business advantage.

4. WHAT IS CRIME? (CJ) p 25

5. Crime • A wrong against society established by law • Punishable by law under right circumstances

6. Societies • Do societies change? • What can cause these changes? • Norms vary, interpretation, and change • Different societies different standards.

7. Singapore

8. Consensus Model • Citizens in society share the same values and beliefs • Agreement • Criminal acts—acts against the societies beliefs

9. Euthanasia

10. Conflict Model • Laws and crimes are established by groups of people who gain power • If one group gains power they make the other groups conform to their beliefs • Constant struggle

11. Compromise • Punishable under criminal law • Offense against society as a whole and prosecuted by public officials • Punishable by statues for the loss of personal freedom or life

12. Crime • Punishable by law • Offense against society • Loss of money, freedom, or life

13. Types of Crimes • Violent Crimes • Property • Public Order • White-collar • Organized • High Tech

14. Violent Crime • Against a person • Four categories—Murder, Sexual assault or rape, Assault and battery, and robbery • Some are more serious than others

15. Property Crimes • Most common form of crime • Economic gain or damaging property

16. Public Order Crime • Laws that are made against shared beliefs or norms • Usually victimless

17. White Collar Crime • Business-related crimes • Crime committed to obtain a business advantage • Examples—Credit Card Fraud, Insurance Fraud, Bribery, Tax Evasion, Consumer fraud

18. Organized Crime • Illegal acts by illegal organizations • Supplies public demand for unlawful goods • Criminal tactics • Gambling, Prostitution, drugs

19. High Tech Crime • Crimes committed over the internet • Soliciting minors, defrauding consumer, and theft of data

20. Questions for you • Public drunkenness, prostitution, and gambling are examples of public order crimes. T/F • Sarah picks up a baseball bat and tells Stefan that she is going to smash him over the head with it. Sarah can be arrested for the violent crime of ________.

21. More Questions • Tax Evasion is a crime mostly committed by Organized Criminals. T/F • White collar crimes happen in the _______________ word.

22. Critical Thinking • Listen to the scenario (Page 20) • Which side would you support? Why? • Think about your community. What is the number one crime problem in your community? • List some ways of dealing with these problems. • What would be some cost-effective ways of dealing with the crime?

23. Who? • Gender • Race • Age • Religion • Community • Region • Education • Income

24. Criminal Justice System

25. Vocabulary • Discretion--the ability of individuals in the criminal justice system to make decisions based on personal judgment instead of formal rules or official information. • Federalism—a form of gov’t that provides for a division of powers between a central government and several regional governments. • Felony—a serious crime punishable by death or by imprisonment for more than a year. • Misdemeanor—any crime that is not a felony; punishable by a fine or by confinement for up to a year. • Wedding Cake Model-a model that details why certain cases receive more attention than others

26. Vocabulary Cont Crime Control Model—the control of criminal behavior is the most important function of criminal justice. Due Process Model—the principal goal of criminal justice is at least as much to protect the innocent as it is to convict the guilty. Terrorism--the use or threat of violence to achieve political objectives.

27. Federalism • Governmental powers are shared on the state and federal level • State Power V Federal Power • Federal gov’t—Money, raise an army, and regulate interstate commerce • State gov—police power, enact laws to protect the health, morals, safety and welfare of the people

28. Law Enforcement • Different levels as whole (local, state, federal) cooperate if the need arises • Jurisdiction

29. Local Police • County and City • County Sheriff • County police—Chief of police • Heart beat of law enforcement in the country • Responsibility—investigate crime, deter crime, apprehend criminals, trial proceedings. (Keep the peace)

30. State Police • State Police and State Patrols • State Patrols infractions on the highways and local assistance in poor areas • GBI, DNR

31. Federal Police • Increasing in size—gun drug and violence crime laws • FBI, DEA, Secret Service, ATF, Homeland security

32. The Courts • Dual Court system—federal and state (independent) • Federal courts—district courts, circuit (appeals), Supreme Court • State level- trial courts, court of appeals, and state Supreme Courts

33. Corrections • Probation, incarceration, or community based facilities • Probation—most common treatment • Incarceration—Jails—Prisons. • Community based corrections

34. Criminal Justice System • On the outside a system should mean order and discipline • Formal and informal system

35. Formal Process • Routine steps toward an outcome • Your turn to teach • Step 1—Entry into the System • Step 2—Prosecution and Pre-trial Services • Step 3—Adjudication • Step 4—Sentencing and Sanctions • Step 5—Corrections

36. Instructions • 1. In groups of 5 or 6, your job as a group is to read your assigned step and summarize each bullet for the class • 2. Using an index card, your group will summarize each bullet and present your section to the class • 3. Place the cards in order and present your steps to the class

37. Informal Process Each step is the result of decisions made by people in the CJS Discretion—ability of people to make decisions based on judgment instead of formal rules or official information Pressure Cooker—Using a limited amount of money

38. Why is it informal? 1. Not enough money to convict every crime 2. A decision has to be made about what crimes to prosecute 3. Overcrowding in the jails and prisons affect decisions

39. Is this a good or bad way? • Steps • Police—decide who to arrest • Prosecutors—decide who to prosecute • Magistrate judges—determine if there is PC to go to • trial • Judges—decide sentencing • Weak cases or police errors factor in the decision (so • politics) • Is this a bad way or a good way to provide citizens with a solid CJS system?

40. Wedding Cake Model • Celebrated Cases • Serious or “high profile • Less serious or “ordinary” felonies • Misdemeanors

41. Celebrated Cases • Most scrutiny and media attention • What are some examples? • Meet our standards the most

42. High profile felonies Felony is a serious crime punishable by death or by imprisonment more than one year What are some examples? Mostly go to trial

43. Ordinary Felonies • Less violent crimes • Often do not see full formal process of a trial

44. Misdemeanors • Crimes less serious than felonies • One year or less • Petty offense (75%) of all arrest made by police

45. Questions for You • How safe do you feel in your neighborhood? • How safe do you feel at school? • How do you think the media portrays crime? • Has anyone in your family been a victim of a crime?

46. Values of the CJS Which one do you believe in the most?

47. A model of criminal justice that assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to reduce crime so things like efficiency, speed and finality are emphasized. The system must have a high capacity to catch, convict and dispose of offenders. Crime Control Model

48. A different model of the criminal justice system that assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to ensure the decisions are fair and reliable based on law and formal proceedings Due Process Model

49. Crime Control Model Deter crime Protect citizens from crime Incapacitate criminals Provide quick and efficient justice Due Process Model Protect the individual against the immense power of the state Rehabilitate those convicted of crimes Crime Control Versus Due Process

50. Crime Control Favored Policies Crime Control Model • More police • More jails and prisons • Harsher penalties (including increased use of the death penalty) and longer sentences