Grammar

1. Grammar 李杰

2. Word study 1. Fill in the blanks with words in the text. 1. The front part of the body between the neck and the stomach is called the _____. 2. To _______ is to make a loud, long and sharp cry. chest scream

3. calm 3. She shouted at me, but I tried to keep ____ and ignore her. 4. When a doctor takes a person’s _____ , he usually puts his finger on the wrist to feel the heart beat. 5. A _______ is a large piece of woven material that people use to stay warm. pulse blanket

4. Practice on Page 132 There is one error in each of the following sentences. Find and correct it. 1. If we know more about giving the first aid, we may help people in an emergency.

5. 2. A drowned man is screaming for help in the river. A drowning man is screaming for help in the river. 3. Knocked down by a car, he was bled to death.

6. 4. Help, the baby is choked on some candy! Help, the baby is being choked on some candy! 5. My pen has run out of inks. Can you lend me some? My pen has run out of ink. Can you lend me some?

7. 6. She witnessed to the traffic accident and reported it to the nearest police station. 7. Where is the wound? Let me check them. Where is the wound? Let me check it.

8. 8. The car rolled over the bridge. Call for a ambulance! The car rolled over the bridge. Call for an ambulance!

9. Translation 1. 这栋房子昨晚失火了,是小孩玩火引起的。 (catch fire) The house caught fire last night. It was caused by some children (who were) playing with fire.

10. 2. 我不相信你在读报,因为你把报纸拿倒了。 (upside down) I don’t believe you are reading the newspaper because you are holding it upside down.

11. 3. 开车一定要小心。记住----任何一个小疏忽都有可能导致交通事故。 (keep in mind) Be careful when you drive. Keep inmind that every small/careless mistake could lead to a traffic accident.

12. 4. 这出戏是为了纪念那些在火灾事故中遇难的消防员们。 (in honor of) This play is in honor of those fire fighters who lost their lives in the fire.

13. 5. 外出旅游时最好带上手机, 以防出现紧急情况。 (in case of) It’s suggested that you bring a cellphone when you are out traveling in case of emergencies.

14. 6. 购物时要想省钱又省时间, 最好预先把要买的东西列在一张清单上。 (a list of) A good way to save money as well as time when doing shopping is to make a list of the things you want to buy before you go.

15. 7. 他翻过身, 换了个舒服的姿势。 ( roll over) He rolled over to a comfortable position.

16. Grammar Subjunctive mood 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜想，而不表示客观存在的事实。

18. Practise 1. The old man died of a sudden heart attack./He was not sent to hospital in time. If the old man had been sent to the hospital in time, he would not have died of a sudden heart attack.

19. 2. The boy died of electric shock./He touched the electric wires. If the boy had not touched the electric wires, he wouldn’t have died of electric shock. 3. The building had burnt down. /They did not fix the electric wires.

20. If they had fixed the electric wires, the building would not have burnt down. 4. The woman was gas-poisoned. /She didn’t open the window while cooking. If the woman had opened the window while cooking, she wouldn’t have been gas-poisoned.

21. 5. The worker fell down the ladder and broke his leg. /He put the ladder on a wet floor. If the worker had not put the ladder on a wet floor, he wouldn’t have fallen down the ladder and broken his leg.

22. 6. The little girl drowned. /She got too close to the lake. If the little girl had not got too close to the lake, she would not have drowned.

23. 7. The baby put small pieces of the toy in her mouth. /Her mother left them on to the floor. If her mother bad not left the small pieces of the toy on the floor, the baby wouldn’t have put them in her mouth.

24. Grammar on P133 Answers to Exercise 2 1. The boy who went swimming in the No-swimming Zone drowned in the river. Had the boy not gone / If the boy had not gone swimming in the NO-swimming Zone, he wouldn’t have drowned in the river.

25. 2. Bill was badly bitten by mosquitoes because he forgot to use the mosquito net last night. Had Billy remembered / If Billy had remembered to use the mosquito net last night, he wouldn’t have been badly bitten by mosquitoes.

26. 3. The mother carelessly put the knife within the baby’s reach, and the baby cut herself while playing with it. Had the mother carefully put / If the mother had carefully put the knife out of the baby’s reach, the baby wouldn’t have cut herself.

27. 4. The students got food-poisoning after eating the potatoes in the dining-room. Had the students not eaten / If the students had not eaten the potatoes in the dining-room, they would not have got a food-poisoning.

28. 5. The parents put the thermos (热水甁) on the ground. Their son kicked it and got burnt. Had the parents put / If the parents had put the thermos in a safer place, their son wouldn’t have kicked it and got burned.

29. Answers to Exercise 4:

30. If the boss hadn’t locked the front door, the students could have escaped easily. If the people downstairs had been more careful, the fire wouldn’t have started. If there had been an exit other than the stairway, they could have escaped.

31. If they had not jumped out of the windows, they could have survived. If people who lived nearby hadn’t come to help, there wouldn’t have been so many survivors. If the fire fighters had arrived minutes earlier/later, more/fewer students would have survived.

32. If the fire fighters hadn’t broken the two windows, those ten people would have been dead. If the eight people hadn’t been taken to the hospital, they might have all died. If the fire hadn’t been put out in time, it would have caused more damage.

33. Homework 1. Remember the knowledge about the subjunctive mood. 2. Consolidate the exercise on Page 132,133 in the workbook.