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“Italian Unification”

“Italian Unification”. I.) Nationalism in Italy. Congress of Vienna again divided Italy into multiple states 1. Austria rules city-states of Lombardy & Venetia 2. Spanish Bourbon family rules Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

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“Italian Unification”

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  1. “Italian Unification”

  2. I.) Nationalism in Italy • Congress of Vienna again divided Italy into multiple states 1. Austria rules city-states of Lombardy & Venetia 2. Spanish Bourbon family rules Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 3. Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia is largest & most powerful city-state

  3. 1815 -1848 sense of Nationalism rises in Italy Nationalism: devotion to the interests or culture of one's nation 1. Risorgimento = nationalist movement in Italy with goals of liberation and unification a. Carboni (coal burners)= nationalist secret society b. Giuseppe Mazzini = famous Carboni; creates the Young Italy Movement in 1832 Goal: spread nationalist ideas 1. led rebellion in 1848 and 1849 (success in 1848 but loses gains in 1849)

  4. II.) Sardinia Leads Unification • King Victor Emmanuel II: leader of Piedmont-Sardinia; adopts a liberal constitution in 1848 • Camillo Benso di Cavour: nationalist prime minister; wanted to increase political influence for city-state Goals: 1. control N. Italy for Sardinia a. War w/ Austria: France an ally Outcome: Gain Lombardy Austria keeps Venetia

  5. Cavour turns south (Two Sicilies) by secretly supporting………..…. 1. Giuseppe Garibaldi = Italian nationalist; leader of “Red Shirt Army” conquers Two Sicilies and Naples 1860 Garibaldi & Emmanuel II meet in Naples & agree to join forces Outcome: Kingdom of Italy created

  6. III.) Unification • Plebiscites held throughout Italy vote for unification • Meeting in Turin (1861) Victor Emmanuel II confirmed as king 1. 1866 Italy gains Venetia in war w/Austria 2. 1870 Rome’s citizens vote for unification Outcome: becomes capital

  7. IV.) Problems after Unification • Italy still faced political, social, & economic problems: 1. little experience with self government 2. rivalries between regions 3. standard of living was low 4. labor problems grew

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