Any Questions?

1. Any Questions?

2. PCs on a network • Different Types of Physical Network architectures • How networking works with windows • How to install a network card and connect to a network • About sharing resources on a network • How to set up a secure wireless network • About troubleshooting tools and tips for network connenctions Pg 803

3. Connecting to the Internet • Bandwidth • Greater bandwidth = faster communication potential • Digital data transmission measured as data bits per second (bps) • One thousand bits per second = Kbps • One million bits per second = Mbps • Internet connections have varying bandwidths • Dependent on ISP service and physical media

4. Physical Network Architectures • What are • PAN • WAN • LAN • MAN Pg 803

5. Networking Technologies • Need to be familiar with the Acronyms for each • Which have you heard of/worked with • Write the name on the screen Pg 805

6. Additional Networking Terms • Node or Host • Device on the network (has an network address) • Network Adapter • Network interface Card • MAC Address • Ethernet Address-48 bits • Protocol • Set of commands and order they are used • Data • Packets, datagrams, Frames, etc-how to describe info at each level, Pg 807

7. Ethernet Standards • See Handout • 10 Mbps • 100 Mbps • 1000 Mbps • Cabling • Max Lengths • Connectors • Plenum Pg 808

8. Cables • Plenum/PVC • UTP • Cat 3, 5, 5e, 6 • STP • Fiber • Single mode • Multi mode • ST, LC, SC, MT-RJ Pg 809

9. Topologies • Bus • Star • Hubs • Switches Pg 807

10. Bus topology • Difficult to troubleshoot • Easy to install

11. Ring topology • Great Network performance under high load • Also can be hard to troubleshoot

12. Star topology • Very Flexible • More cable required • MOST COMMON

13. Wireless – 802.11 and 802.11x • IEEE 802.11 is a group of specifications for wireless networks • Among others, specifications include 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g

14. Wireless

15. Wireless • 802.11x wireless networks consist of Wireless Access Points (WAPs) and wireless clients • WAPs operate at the Physical and Media Access Control (MAC) layer of the OSI model • WAPs can, on average, communicate with up to 30 clients within a 100 meter radius

16. Telephone Networks • POTS/PSTN • VoIP • Digitized Voice • Compressed and put in packets

17. Cellular WAN • Cell Services • GSM • TDMA • CDMA • GPRS

18. Satellite ISP configuration

19. Token Ring and FDDI • Token Ring used logical ring and token passing to control congestion • 4 or 16 MBps • Connected in a star by MSAU, MAU • FDDI was early fiber standard • Used a token, similar to token ring • Used for CAN or large LAN backbone

20. Protocol Suites • TCP/IP • IPX/SPX • NetBEUI • Appletalk

21. Addressing • Each Layer uses different Addressing • MAC • IP • Port Number

22. IP Address Essential • For each class you MUST know • Address Class Range • Reserved Addresses • Default Subnet Mask • Understand Network and Broadcast Address

23. InternetAddress Classes • Class A – Range 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 • Class B – Range 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 • Class C – Range 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 • Class D – Range 224 to 239 (network address only) • Class E – Range 240 to 247 (reserved for future use)

24. Reserved Addresses

25. Class A • Structure • Network.node.node.node • Range • 0.0.0.0 through 126.255.255.255 • Default Subnet Mask • 255.0.0.0 • Class A Addresses • Valid hosts = 10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 • 0’s & 255s are valid hosts but hosts bits cannot all be off or on at the same time! • 224-2 = 22 • Reserved Addresses: • 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255

26. Class B • Structure • Network.Network.node.node • Range • 128.0.0.0 through 191.255.255.255 • Default Subnet Mask • 255.255.0.0 • Class B Valid Host IDs • Valid hosts = 172.16.0.1 - 172.16.255.254 • 0’s & 255s are valid hosts but hosts bits cannot all be off or on at the same time! • 216-2 = 214 • Reserved Addresses: • 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255

27. Class C • Structure • Network.Network.Network.node • Range • 192.0.0.0 through 223.255.255.255 • Default Subnet Mask • 255.255.255.0 • Class C Valid Host IDs • Valid hosts = 192.168.100.1 - 192.168.100.254 • 28-2 = 26 • Reserved Addresses: • 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255

28. IP Addressing Rules • Loopback address • Anything that starts with 127 • 127.0.0.1 • Broadcast addresses • Host portion is all 1 • 192.168.10.255 • 255.255.255.0 • Network and special-case source addresses • Host portion is all 0 • 192.168.10.0 • Reserved IP addressing • As seen on previous slides

29. Subnetworks • Subnet masks • Distinguish the network and host portions of an IP address • Specify whether a destination address is local or remote • ANDing

30. Assigning IPS • Static • Dynamic • Automatic

31. Network Address Translation • Hide an internal IP address • Masked behind a public IP address • Type of firewall • Also considered a type of proxy

32. NetBIOS names • 16-characters • First 15-characters for name • 16th character specifies service or function • Allows special characters ! @ # $ % ^ & ( ) - _ ' { } . ~ • Doesn’t allow spaces or \ * + = | : ; " ? < > , • Aren’t case-sensitive • 16th character expressed as <hex> • Uses flat-namespace

33. WINS • Broadcasts can’t go through network devices such as routers • WINS allows two computers on separate networks to resolve NetBIOS names • A database with registered NetBIOS names • Primary name resolution service starting with Windows 2000 is DNS

34. How computers find each other • Netbios Name Cache • WINS Server • Broadcast message • Check LMhosts file • Static mapping of netbios names to IP • Check hosts file • Static mapping of host names to IP • Query DNS server

35. Installing a NIC card and connecting to network • Get a NIC that matches the bus for expansion on the motherboard • Match the NIC speed • For wireless, match the wireless technology

36. Installing a NIC and using a network • Not much different than other internal components • Setting up a network • Verify computer name • Verify Workgroup/Domain • Configuring IP addresses/DNS • Where to set if static • How to check for dynamic

37. IP address settings • Static, Dyanmic, Automatic config • Why do the following do • IP address • Subnet Mask • Default Gateway • DNS server • What happens if they are misconfigured?

38. Configuring NWLINK • Used for IPX/SPX networks • Old Novell standard • Set the Frame type • Refers to ethernet frame setting

39. Installing a Wireless adapter • Can use USB or PC card slot • Also similar to other installs except added need of • SSID • IP settings • Encryption Settings

40. Using Resources on the Network • My Network Place or Network Neighborhood • Use to see shared network resources • To view • Must have client for microsoft network • Usually installed by default • To Share • Must have file and printer sharing service Pg 861

41. Sharing Files and Folders • Right click on resource you want to share • Choose Share this folder • Select Allow network users to change files • Only if you want edits • Different for servers and domains Pg 862

42. Network Drive Maps • Lets you view a shared folder on another computer on your network as a HD on your system • Shows up in My Computer • Client/Server • Supported by Network File System (NFS) • A type of distributed file system Pg 864

43. Network Drive Maps • In a windows explorer folder • Choose Tools->Map network drive • Browse or type in the resource location • \\server\share Pg 864

44. If you don’t want to share • Remove File and Printer Sharing from Network Properties • Turn off the Computer Browser Service • Admin Tools-Services or use listserv or msconfig • Hiding shared folders • Put a $ before the name and it won’t appear in network neighborhood • Make a folder private Pg 866

45. Setting up A wireless Network • Security • WAP • Testing Pg 867

46. Wireless Security • Most wireless networks designed without security in mind • Data was sent cleartext • Disable SSID broadcast • Network won’t appear in windows available networks list • Filter MAC addresses • Only NIC cards with MACs that are on the list can join network Pg 867

47. Wireless Security • Encryption • WEP • First try, easy to break but better than nothing • Static Key • WPA • Uses TKIP-changes the key periodically making it harder to crack • WPA2 • Uses more advanced encryption and provides for outside authentication tools Pg 867

48. Wireless Security • Change Firmware • Always change password • Update Firmware • Make sure you have latest features • Use Firewall • Limit requests from the outside • Use VPN • Uses tunneling and encryption regardless of wired or wireless Pg 867

49. Choosing a WAP/Setting Up network • Look for Security tools • Supports 802.11b and g • Use Setup CD • Or browse to AP IP address • Most have a web based interface • Change Password • Config SSID • Choose Encryption • Test first and then after • Set other security Pg 869

50. Troubleshooting a Network Connection • Cannot browse the network neighborhood • Error message when installing Drivers • Device Manager shows with yellow ! Or red x • No LINK light on NIC • Check cable, cable type, hub or switch, and card Pg 873