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Exploring American History

Exploring American History. Unit V- The Nation Breaks Apart Chapter 17 Section 3- Reconstruction in the South Lecture Station with In class note sheet. Reconstruction in the South. The Big Idea As Reconstruction ended, African Americans faced new hurdles and the South attempted to rebuild.

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Exploring American History

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  1. Exploring American History Unit V- The Nation Breaks Apart Chapter 17 Section 3- Reconstruction in the South Lecture Station with In class note sheet

  2. Reconstruction in the South • The Big Idea • As Reconstruction ended, African Americans faced new hurdles and the South attempted to rebuild. • Main Ideas • Reconstruction governments helped reform the South. • The Ku Klux Klan was organized as African Americans moved into positions of power. • As Reconstruction ended, the rights of African Americans were restricted. • Southern business leaders relied on industry to rebuild the South.

  3. Main Idea 1:Reconstruction governments helped reform the South. • Republicans controlled most southern governments but were unpopular with white southerners. • Northern-born Republicans who moved south after the war were called carpetbaggers. • White southern Republicans were called scalawags. • African Americans: largest group of southern Republican voters • Hiram Revels was first African American in U.S. Senate. • Reconstruction state governments provided money for many new programs. • Helped establish public schools; built hospitals; passed laws against discrimination; constructed railroads and bridges

  4. Carpetbaggers – Northern Republicans who went south after the war- government and profiteering? Scalawags- Southern white republicans who had voted for the Republican party- small farmers - supported the north Southerners (Democrats) mistrusted and hated both groups. Accused them of profiteering and betrayal in the South after the War. Republicans controlled most of the southern government after the war.

  5. African American Leaders Largest group of southern Republican voters. 600 African Americans in State Legislatures; 16 Congressmen and other offices. Hiram Revels- 1st African American in the U.S. Senate. College grad., minister, and army chaplin. Blanche K. Bruce- former slave, republican from Mississippi, one term as Senator .

  6. State Governments Change Direction Congress provided money to for many new programs and organizations in the south. 1st State-funded public school systems in the South. New hospitals, prisons, orphanages, and made laws prohibiting discrimination against blacks. Southern State governments spend money on railroads, bridges, and public buildings to help recover from war. Taxes and bonds were used to raise money.

  7. Main Idea 2:The Ku Klux Klan was organized as African Americans moved into positions of power. • Ku Klux Klan • Created by group of white southerners in Tennessee in 1866 • Secret society opposed to civil rights, particularly suffrage, for African Americans • Used violence and terror against African Americans • Local governments did little to stop the violence, so Congress passed laws that made it a federal crime to interfere with elections or to deny citizens equal protection under the law.

  8. An American Terrorist Organization: The Rise of the Ku Klux Klan (04:01)

  9. The End of Reconstruction (03:33)

  10. Ku Klux Klan Secret society opposed to civil rights, especially voting rights, for blacks. Founded by former confederates such as Nathan Bedford Forrest. Resistance to Reconstruction by white southerners.- black suffrage and union troops in the south. Violence and Terror Robes and disguises. Attack at night- Blacks, white republicans, and public officials. Everyone feared the Klan 1870 and 1871 Congress passes laws to stop the Klan interference with elections.

  11. Main Idea 3: As Reconstruction ended, the rights of African Americans were restricted. Republicans were losing power in southern states and in the North, and they were being blamed for the severe economic downturn called the Panic of 1873. The close election of 1876 appeared to have been won by Democrat Samuel Tilden but was challenged by supporters of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. The Compromise of 1877 gave the election to Hayes, while agreeing to Democrats’ request to remove federal troops from the South. Democrats then regained control of governments in the South, and were called Redeemers by southerners.

  12. Panic of 1873 1872- Amnesty Act- former confederates can now serve. 1872- Grant Administration – lots of scandals. 1873- Poor Republican policies in government. 1873- severe economic downturn- 89 RR failured; stock market panic; 18,000 business failures; high (14% ) unemployment; numerous strikes.

  13. Election of 1876 Democrats take over control in Congress. Republicans losing support for reconstruction policies. Republicans blamed for economic problems of country. 1875- Civil rights act- blacks have equal rights in public places. Republican candidate Hayes wins election by one electoral vote. Compromise of 1877- Democrats agree to Hayes victory in return for removing all Federal troops still in the South

  14. Rights of African Americans were restricted. • Redeemer Governments • Set up poll tax to deny African Americans the vote • Introduced legal segregation, the forced separation of whites and African Americans in public places,through Jim Crow laws • Supreme Court • Ruled that Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional • Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that segregation was allowed if “separate-but-equal” facilities were provided. • Sharecropping • Few African Americans could afford to buy or rent farms. • Became part of sharecropping system, providing labor to land-owners and sharing their crops with them • Sharecroppers faced debt.

  15. Main Idea 4:Southern business leaders relied on industry to rebuild the South. • The southern economy suffered cycles of good and bad years, as cotton prices went up and down. • Business leaders hoped industry would strengthen the southern economy and create a New South. • The most successful industrial development was textile mills. • Work appealed to rural families. • African Americans not allowed to work in mills. • Long hours, dangerous working conditions, low wages

  16. Redeemers Democrats who brought their party back in control of Southern State governments. Reduced the size of state governments Limited the rights of African Americans. Lowered state budgets. Got rid of a variety of social programs. Cut taxes Cut funds for Schools.

  17. African American’s Rights Restricted Stopping Blacks from being able to vote. Supreme court rules Civil Rights Act of 1875 unconstitutional- allowing segregation Poll Tax- special tax to be paid before you can vote Literacy Test- pass a test before voting Grandfather Clause- If your grandfather or father could not vote before 1867 neither can you. Segregation- forced separation of races in public places. Jim Crow Laws- laws to enforce segregation.

  18. Plessy v. Ferguson Homer Plessy, African American arrested for sitting in a whites-only railroad car. Sues in the Supreme Court- 1896 Court rules against Plessy and says “Separation of the races is legal as long as it is equal” Segregation becomes widespread across America.- Public schools, libraries, parks, etc. Black facilities were always of poorer quality than whites.

  19. Farming in the South African Americans could not buy or even rent farms. Moving west was too costly. Blacks had to remain on plantation or move to cities. Sharecropping- sharing the crop with the landowner who provided tools, land and supplies. Few could ever sell what was left over to buy a farm. Sharecroppers lived in a cycle of debt- buying what they needed on credit. Because of the dangers of farming they often had little profit enough to pay their debts off. Cotton was the main crop- over production lowered the price

  20. Southern Industry With its cheap and abundant labor supply the South could build factories and provide a workforce. Textile production- mills in many small towns to produce cloth. Blacks not allowed to work in these mills.

  21. Southern Mill Life Appealed to farm families with economic problems. Mill recruiters promised jobs, good wages and steady work. Entire families went to work Children at age 12 or even earlier. Women spun the thread but no chance for advancement. Work was hard- 12 hour days, six days a week, low wages. Cotton dust and linters filled the air- causing brown lung disease. Machinery unsafe and could cause injuries and death

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