1 / 20

THE CRUSADES

THE CRUSADES. “To take up the Cross” . Background. Feudal System Bellicose Society and Culture Impending threat of Muslims/ Muslim occupation of the Holy Land. Immensely strong religious duties and bond to Christendom Great Schism just happened in 1054 . Pope Urban II call to Crusade.

axl
Download Presentation

THE CRUSADES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. THE CRUSADES “To take up the Cross”

  2. Background Feudal System Bellicose Society and Culture Impending threat of Muslims/ Muslim occupation of the Holy Land. Immensely strong religious duties and bond to Christendom Great Schism just happened in 1054

  3. Pope Urban II call to Crusade Read Pope Urban II’s address at Clermont. • Why is he calling for a Crusade? • Who is his audience ;who is this call to? • What are the incentives of a crusader?

  4. DEUS VULT!

  5. Causes for the Crusades • Protect the Eastern Rite Catholic churches • Regain the Holy Land • Shrines, Relics, Holy Places, etc. • Counter Muslim threat

  6. Why go on Crusade? • Service to country and Religion • Adventure • Looking to increase wealth and/or status • Plenary Indulgence (removal of sin) • Chance for martyrdom (straight to heaven if you die) • Pilgrimage to the Holy Land • Duty

  7. First Crusade Conclusion European Nobles answer the Pope’s call and lead armies to the Holy Land. Jerusalem is captured, Christians now have control of the Holy Land! Divided into 4 new fiefs: • Kingdom of Jerusalem • County of Tripoli • County of Edessa, • Principality of Antioch Access to Holy Land! SUCCESS!!!

  8. Outremer States • Difficult to control • Many Christians went back to Europe • Military Orders created to help. • Mixing of Muslim and Christian culture.

  9. Second Crusade 1147-1149 City of Edessa is attacked by Muslims – Christians respond. King Louis VII (France) & Emperor Conrad II (Holy Roman Empire/Germany) lead the 2nd Crusade. Set out to capture Damascus in order to defend Jerusalem. FAILURE – Thought to be due to the sins and moral laxity of Christendom

  10. Third Crusade 1189-1192 Saladin- Great Muslim leader who has united his people and preaches jihad against the Christians. Takes Jerusalem in 1187 Christians respond with the 3rd Crusade! Richard the Lionhearted (England), Emperor Frederick Barbarossa (Germany), King Philip (France). SUCCESS?!... Sort of: Richard the Lionhearted and Saladin make a Truce. Christians are granted safe and tax free passage to the Holy Land.

  11. Fourth Crusade 1201-1204 Christians sack Constantinople! WHY?! • Crusaders indebted to Venetian traders • Political reasons • Misguided emotions and anger. - Did not help the East and West conflict…

  12. Other Crusades Unofficial Crusades • People’s Crusade – Peter the Hermit encouraged the regular people of Europe to go on Crusade and free the Holy Land  most were killed • Children’s Crusade – 1000s of children were encouraged by their parents to walk to Jerusalem and free it  most starved to death as they walked towards the ocean, others were sold into slavery

  13. Other Crusades • Crusades 5-9 • Peoples Crusade • Children’s Crusade • Wendish • Northern Crusades • Albigensian • Aragonese

  14. Effects of the Crusades Positive Negative 1. The abuses of some of the Crusaders gave the Church a bad name 2. The attack upon fellow Christians in Constantinople made bad feelings between East and West worse (4th Crusade) 3. The unsuccessful Crusades made some Christians bitter 4. The Crusades were not permanently successful 1. Renewed Christian faith, 2. Strengthened the influence of the Papacy and the Church 3. Promoted knighthood and chivalry 4. United Christians 5. Eastern products: paper, silk, spices; Developed international trade and travel 6 . Recovery of relics, land and Churches 7. Arabic numerals 8. Warded off Muslim Invasion

More Related