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Locomotion. stride - single step of one foot stance phase - foot on ground restraint stage - anterior part of foot fall (deceleration) midstance position - forelimb:metacarpus is vertical hind limb:hoof under hip joint propulsion stage - posterior part (acceleration)
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Locomotion • stride - single step of one foot • stance phase - foot on ground • restraint stage - anterior part of foot fall (deceleration) • midstance position - forelimb:metacarpus is vertical hind limb:hoof under hip joint • propulsion stage - posterior part (acceleration) • swing phase - foot lifted and brought forward • stride length - distance hoof moves during one stride cycle • stride frequency - number of strides per unit time
timing of gaits is controlled by central nervous system • vertical force between hoof and ground • maximum - double body weight of horse • increased speed - increased frequency or increased stride length • dressage - maintain same tempo with increase or decrease stride length
gait - repetitive limb coordination pattern used in locomotion • asymmetrical - limb movements of one side do not repeat those of other side (canter, gallop) • symmetrical - limb movements of one side repeated by opposite side (trot, pace)
Training Effects • young horses - growth and training effects are hard to separate • neuromotor function - learn to do whatever they do , more economically and efficiently • ex: race horse, barrel horse • inherited movement patterns enhanced by practice through coordination • horse will change gaits and select speed within a gait to minimize energy expenditure • fatigue - lead leg : most weight bearing and propulsion • slower - longer stance phase
