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Food Security in Southern African Cities: Conditions and Prospects

Food Security in Southern African Cities: Conditions and Prospects. Bruce Frayne. Outline. The ‘invisible crisis’ Responses to urban f ood i nsecurity AFSUN 11 city urban food security baseline survey findings. Food Security - the ‘big issues’.

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Food Security in Southern African Cities: Conditions and Prospects

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  1. Food Security in Southern African Cities: Conditions and Prospects Bruce Frayne

  2. Outline • The ‘invisible crisis’ • Responses to urban food insecurity • AFSUN 11 city urban food security baseline survey findings

  3. Food Security - the ‘big issues’ • 25,000 people die every day from hunger and related causes • 3 billion people malnourished (poverty) • 3 billion more people by 2050 • +40% of agricultural land and ocean resources degraded • Climate change is upon us Sources: FAO, IFPRI, UNFPA, UNEP

  4. Why urban food security?

  5. The Invisible Crisis • World Food Summits in 1996 and 2002 (and MDG No. 1) made commitment to reducing no of undernourished people (800 million) by 50% by 2015 • 2006 Mid-Term Review of Committee on World Food Security found “progress has been negligible.” • 2009, following global food price hikes and world economic crisis, FAO estimates number exceeds 1 billion

  6. 2030 – Africa’s urban population exceeds the rural • National growth rates: Urban = 3-5% p.a. Rural = 0-2% p.a. Source: World Population Prospects: The 2009 Revision, http://esa.un.org/wup2009/unup/ • SADC will be 77% urban by 2050

  7. Urban Poverty +40% Mean UGR = 5% Mean UP = 51% Source: World Population Prospects: The 2009 Revision, http://esa.un.org/wup2009/unup/

  8. 3. RESPONSES TO URBAN FOOD INSECURITY Global Responses …the world is urbanizing at a fast pace and it will not be long before a greater part of developing country populations is living in large cities. Therefore, urban food security and its related problems should also be placed high on the agenda in the years to come (FAO Executive Director, Jacques Diouf, 2006) The phenomenon of urbanization, which will be one of the strongest social forces in the coming years… One major challenge will be how to provide adequate quantities of nutritious and affordable food for more urban inhabitants, with less water, land and labour (FAO 25th Regional Conference on Africa, Nairobi, 2008) There is an urgent need to collect evidence on, and monitor, the food and nutrition security situation of the urban poor, recognizing the complexity involved given the mobility of the urban poor within and across cities. ( Executive Boards of UNDP/UNFPA, UNICEF and WFP, 2009)

  9. CANADA-AFRICA PARTNERSHIP RESPONSE • AFRICAN FOOD SECURITY URBAN NETWORK (AFSUN) established in 2008 • Initial funding from CIDA University Partners in Cooperation and Development (UPCD) Tier One Program • Partnership between 6 Canadian universities, 11 African universities, major NGOs and municipal governance networks

  10. Lusaka Blantyre Harare Bulawayo Gaborone Windhoek Maputo Manzini Johannesburg Durban Cape Town Maseru CITY NETWORK

  11. TRAINING / RESEARCH SOUTH AFRICA – Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN (LEAD) WITS UNIVERSITYUNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL CIDA PARTNERSHIP BRANCH BOTSWANA – Gaborone UNIVERSITY OF BOTSWANA CANADA QUEENS RYERSON CALGARY GUELPH UWO UW LESOTHO – Maseru NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF LESOTHO MALAWI – Blantyre UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI POLICY Municipal Development Partnership (MDPESA) South African Cities Network (SACN) MOZAMBIQUE – Maputo EDUARDO MONDLANE UNIVERSITY NAMIBIA – Windhoek UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA SWAZILAND – Manzini UNIVERSITY OF SWAZILAND COMMUNITY Care Southern Africa Food and Trees for Africa Idasa ABC Ulwazi ZAMBIA - Lusaka UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE - Harare UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE

  12. AFSUN Objectives Goal To increase the capacity of SADC universities, municipal governments and community agents to enhance urban food security in major SADC cities Purpose To create a dynamic regional partnership network to work collaboratively on enhancing urban food security in the SADC

  13. AFSUN Activity Streams

  14. AFSUN Urban Food Security Baseline Survey 2008-9 • 11 cities, 9 SADC countries • Pro-poor focus: target poor households in each city • 6,500 households and 28,700 individuals • Standardised survey questionnaire • Internationally validated food security scales (FANTA)

  15. Major Findings1. Levels of Urban Household Food Insecurity

  16. 77% chronically food insecure

  17. 4 months without

  18. Major FindingsFood Sources for Urban Households

  19. Reliance on informal/coping sources > food insecurity Household Sources of Food by Household Food Security Status (%)

  20. Urban Agriculture Proportion Households Sourcing Food from Urban Agriculture

  21. Food Transfers: Transfers > for food insecure households Food Transfers to Urban Households (% receiving)

  22. Major FindingsImpact of Food Prices on Urban Household Food Security

  23. Food Prices: 78% ‘going without’

  24. www.afsun.org

  25. Looking to the future of food security in Africa Small-scale farming? Urban livelihoods?

  26. Migration in sample (%)

  27. Our urban future – food security will be resolved in the towns and cities of the world

  28. Yet despite the evidence…The global paradigm still ignores food as an urban issue

  29. 12 thematic areas

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