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Introduction to Public Health Diseases

Introduction to Public Health Diseases. Classes of Diseases. Vector borne illnesses Water borne illnesses Directly communicable illnesses Occupational and environmental illnesses Chronic illnesses. Impact of Diseases. Deaths in war

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Introduction to Public Health Diseases

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  1. Introduction to Public Health Diseases

  2. Classes of Diseases • Vector borne illnesses • Water borne illnesses • Directly communicable illnesses • Occupational and environmental illnesses • Chronic illnesses

  3. Impact of Diseases • Deaths in war • World War I was the first war where wounds killed more people than illness • Life expectancy • Early deaths count more • That is why it is hard to raise it once you get to 75 • Communicable diseases keep the life expectancy low • Diarrheal diseases are the biggest killer of children worldwide

  4. Disease agents • Living • parasites • spirochetes • amoebas • bacteria • virus • Environmental and Occupational • Asbestosis • Arsenic

  5. Vector Borne Illness

  6. Mosquito borne - Examples • malaria • spirochetes • yellow fever • virus • West Nile, St. Louis Encephalitis, etc. • virus • Dengue fever - bone break fever • virus • Why is mosquito borne illness consistent with a miasma?

  7. Ticks, Fleas, Bedbugs - Examples • Lyme • spirochetes • deer ticks • Typhus • Bacteria • fleas - rats and other carriers • Bubonic plague • bacteria • fleas, then direct human • Ehrlichiosis • Bacteria • Ticks

  8. Other agents • Schistosomiasis (Aka: Bilharziasis) • Flukes • Intermediate host - snail • Potentiated by the Aswan Dam • Trypanosomiasis • African: Sleeping sickness (Tsetse flies • American: Chagas Disease (Reduviid bugs)

  9. Incidental Transmission • Polio • virus • fecal-oral transmission • Flies • get the virus on their feet when sitting on shit • carry the virus to food • How do you control flies? • Legal issues?

  10. Transmission and Control of Vector Borne Illnesses • Usual model is that the mosquito carries the illness from an animal reservoir • can you control the animal? • can you eradicate the animal? • Vector • Can you control the vector? • Human behavior • Can you avoid contact with the vector? • Treatment • Can you treat the illness?

  11. Malaria Control - - #1 debilitating infectious disease • The reservoir is human • Why is this a special problem? • Treatment • spirochete develops resistance • requires long term treatment • Mosquito control • drain the swamps • spray • Avoidance • repellant • bed nets • Legal Issues?

  12. Water Borne Illness • Cholera • bacterium Vibrio cholerae • endotoxin - shuts down water reabsorption • Typhoid • Salmonella Typhi • human reservoir • Both fecal-oral • environmental and direct human spread

  13. Controlling Water Borne Illness • Waste water management • Treatment • Disposal to avoid cross contamination • Oysters, any one? • Drinking water treatment • Chlorination • Making sure you only get treated water • Vaccinations • Limited value • Legal issues?

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