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UNIT 2

UNIT 2. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Part 1: Flirting with Disaster. A. Old Regime. Old Regime – existing system of feudalism People divided into three estates, or classes . THE FIRST ESTATE. WHO: King and family Church officials HOW MANY: 1% of population TAXES: Extremely minimal

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UNIT 2

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  1. UNIT 2 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Part 1: Flirting with Disaster

  2. A. Old Regime • Old Regime – existing system of feudalism • People divided into three estates, or classes

  3. THE FIRST ESTATE WHO: King and family Church officials HOW MANY: 1% of population TAXES: Extremely minimal DIVISIONS: Higher Clergy – Cardinals, bishops, etc. Lower Clergy – Priests ACTIVIES: HC – Get fat off of people’s tithes LC – Work with people, say mass, visit sick, talk to homeless

  4. THE SECOND ESTATE WHO: Nobles Military officials HOW MANY: 2% of population TAXES: VERY minimal DIVISIONS: None ACTIVIES: See “higher clergy” Minimal administrative duties

  5. THE THIRD ESTATE WHO: Everyone else (Peasants, artisans, farmers, doctors, lawyers, merchants…) HOW MANY: 97% of population TAXES: YES! 50% to nobles, 10% tithe to church DIVISIONS: Bourgeoisie – Artisans, doctors, lawyers Other – Farmers, laborers, peasants ACTIVIES: Try to survive daily life

  6. Bourgeoisie • Middle class • Bankers, factory owners, merchants, and skilled artisans • Many were well educated • Believed in enlightenment ideals such as liberty and equality • Paid high taxes, and even though many were rich, they lacked the privileges that the 1st and 2nd estate had

  7. Third Estate (the workers) • Poorest group in 3rd estate • Worked in the cities • Laborers and trades people • Starving and poor • Would attack if they could not afford bread • Resented the clergy

  8. Third Estate (Peasants) • Largest Group in 3rd estate, nearly 80% of pop. • Peasants paid nearly half of their income in taxes, most of which went to nobles and to the church. • Growing resentment toward 1st and 2nd Estates • Spreading of Enlightenment ideas

  9. Who is represented by each of the figures in this picture? • How do you know who is represented? • What is the picture telling you about the relationship between these people? • Why might figures that are clothed be opposed to change?

  10. Tennis Court Oath – June 17, 1789 The National Assembly, considering that it has been summoned to establish the constitution of the kingdom, to effect the regeneration of the public order, and to maintain the true principles of monarchy; that nothing can prevent it from continuing its deliberations in whatever place it may be forced to establish itself; and, finally, that wheresoever its members are assembled, there is the National Assembly; Decrees that all members of this Assembly shall immediately take a solemn oath not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established and consolidated upon firm foundations; and that, the said oath taken, all members and each one of them individually shall ratify this steadfast resolution by signature.

  11. What now????

  12. Warm-up • Take map #2 quiz • Read the newspaper account of the Storming of the Bastille and answer the questions that follow

  13. It’s time to storm the Bastille….

  14. UNIT 2 THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Part 2: The Explosion

  15. The Bastille • Infamous Paris prison • Mob storms the Bastille to get supplies and gun powder • Great symbol of Revolution • Bastille Day July 14 – similar to July 4

  16. The Great Fear • Senseless panic spread through France • Peasants became mobs and terrorized nobles • Peasants storm Versailles to attack the King and Queen • Royal family flees and power is changing hands

  17. Congratulations…welcome to the National Assembly. Now solve the problems of France. 1. What rights should men have? 2. Should there be freedom of the press? 3. How do you deal with the fact that the mob has started running around and terrorizing nobles and merchants? 4. There are still lots of hungry people in Paris. What should we do about this? 5. What should we do with the royal family?

  18. How did they solve it?The Declaration of the Rights of Man

  19. But what about King Louis?

  20. From revolution to chaos Begin working on checkpoint 2-2. This is due tomorrow and there will be a checkpoint quiz to go along with it. Take your time – there is a lot going on in this section.

  21. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION Part 3: The Implosion

  22. Problem • Now Jean-Paul Marat calls for the death of 200,000 enemies of the revolution. What now?

  23. Solution 1793 – Charlotte Corday kills Marat in his bath

  24. Problem • What should we do with Marie Antoinette?

  25. Solution Throw her in prison – for now

  26. Was the French Revolution a revolution of bread or ideas?

  27. Napoleon Napoleon and the French Revolution Video A revolution is an idea which has found its bayonets. Napoleon Bonaparte

  28. A. Napoleon Bonaparte • 1769-born in Corsica • military school in France • Joins army of the National Assembly • Becomes general of the French Army in 1799

  29. B. Coup d'état • 1. Coup d’etat = overthrow the state • November 9, 1799 • Napoleon uses his military success to overthrow the Directory • Believed the Directory was corrupt, did not promote the good of people

  30. 2. French Consulate • November 10, 1799- French Consulate in place • 3 leaders called Consuls • 1st Consul- Napoleon Bonaparte • 2nd Consul- Napoleon’s brother Lucien Bonaparte • 3rd Consul-former Director Sieyes Napoleon drafts a new constitution naming him as 1st consul of France for life…unbeknownst to the other consuls

  31. 3. Napoleon becomes Emperor • Plebiscite= vote of YES or NO on specific question • 1800- plebiscite votes YES-1st Consul of France • 1802-plebiscite votes YES-1st Consul of France for life • 1804-plebiscite votes YES- EMPEROR OF FRANCE

  32. Napoleon's Coronation December 2, 1804 Napoleon’s Coronation at Notre Dame Cathedral He crowns himself -big controversy-WHY??

  33. C. Napoleon’s Achievements at Home

  34. D. Military Mastermind • Military genius • Expert in use of artillery • Developed innovative artillery strategy still in use today • Father of modern artillery warfare

  35. Napoleon: The Conquerer • Napoleon quickly forced his power across Europe • Battle of Austerlitz-December 1805 • Invaded Austria • Forced emperor to make peace, formed alliance • Battle of Jena-October 1806 • Invaded Prussia • Forced King to make peace, formed alliance

  36. Napoleon: The Conqueror • Battle of Friedland: June 1807 • Fought in Poland • Against Russians • Forces Czar Alex I to the bargaining table • PEACE OF TILSIT • Napoleon can have western ½ of Poland and all of Europe • Alex I can have eastern ½ of Poland and all Ottoman Empire • Peaceful coexistence • Non-aggression Pact

  37. Napoleon learns he's not invincible… • Battle of Trafalgar: October 1805 • Massive naval battle against British Royal Navy • GB lead by Admiral Horatio Nelson • Fought off coast of Spain • Big loss for Napoleon • Nelson shot by sniper and dies moments after hearing the British won • This loss sets Napoleon on a obsessive mission to “get” Great Britain

  38. Napoleon's Europe…where to next?

  39. Move to groups:

  40. How well do YOU know Napoleon? • In a small group, you will watch a video segment on Napoleon’s rise to power. • Each person chooses a character from Napoleon’s life – real (like his mother) or fictional (a classmate at military school). • Complete one card of notes on what that person would have thought of Napoleon • 2 minute conversation from each group

  41. Napoleon Napoleon and the French Revolution Video A revolution is an idea which has found its bayonets. Napoleon Bonaparte

  42. So where to? clip – not England, but Russia

  43. Napoleon's ego gets in his way… • he becomes blinded by success and makes three decisive mistakes… • 1. Continental System • 2. The Peninsular War • 3. Invasion of Russia

  44. Continental System (1806) WHAT?: Continental blockade against Great Britain WHY?: Cripple G.B.’s economy RESULTS?: Backfires, Napoleon’s allies broke, starving

  45. Peninsular War(1808-1812) WHAT?: France invades Portugal/Spain WHY?: Portugal leaves Continental System, Napoleon wants them back RESULTS?: Spanish fight guerrilla war (led by British General Arthur Wellesley), France loses 300,000 soldiers

  46. Invasion of Russia (1812) WHAT?: Napoleon invades Russia with 500,000 soldiers from several countries WHY?: Russians left Continental System RESULTS?: Worst disaster in military history? Napoleon loses over 400K soldiers

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