CSREES Animal Protection Portfolio: The Last 5 Years Recent Program Review Gary Sherman, National Program Leader

1. CSREES Animal Protection Portfolio: The Last 5 Years & Recent Program Review Gary Sherman, National Program Leader (Veterinary Science)Peter Johnson, National Program Leader (Animal Health)

3. What is CSREES� role in Animal Health ? What does the portfolio look like ? What has it accomplished ? What�s to come�

4. CSREES Animal Systems Vision A vibrant, globally competitive, technologically advanced, and consumer driven American animal agriculture industry that is based on and supported by high quality, innovative, and relevant research, extension and educational programs provided by USDA through partnerships with universities and the private sector, as well as the in-house research programs of the Department. Follow up with Dan on this slide to avoid contradiction.Follow up with Dan on this slide to avoid contradiction.

5. CSREES� 5 Unique Roles Support college/university/diagnostic laboratory infrastructure & provide land-grant institutions & veterinary colleges/departments of veterinary science small-scale animal protection research funds (Formula Funds; cooperative agreements) Solicit basic & applied research, education, and extension proposals from all U.S. institution types, including Federal laboratories and private industry and support the best science and training through competitive peer review and larger awards (Competitive Funds) Integration refers to inclusion of at least 2 elements of the land-grant mission in a single program or project NRI formerly limited to research, integrated projects now permitted in some areas Section 406 grants specifically for integrated projectsIntegration refers to inclusion of at least 2 elements of the land-grant mission in a single program or project NRI formerly limited to research, integrated projects now permitted in some areas Section 406 grants specifically for integrated projects

6. CSREES� 5 Unique Roles Stimulate interstate cooperation for targeted animal diseases and well-being through multistate committees & multimillion dollar Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) competitive awards (Formula Funds and Competitive Funds) Focus funds on targeted diseases and national programs of state and regional importance (Special Grants and Critical Issues Funds) Serve as the federal link to the veterinary extension and education infrastructure to disseminate timely and pertinent animal health information (Formula Funds) Integration refers to inclusion of at least 2 elements of the land-grant mission in a single program or project NRI formerly limited to research, integrated projects now permitted in some areas Section 406 grants specifically for integrated projectsIntegration refers to inclusion of at least 2 elements of the land-grant mission in a single program or project NRI formerly limited to research, integrated projects now permitted in some areas Section 406 grants specifically for integrated projects

7. What is CSREES� role in Animal Health ? What does the portfolio look like ? What has it accomplished ? What�s to come�

8. Animal Protection Research Funding (CSREES) $M

9. Investment (1999-2003) 75% invested in infectious & non-infectious diseases: Emerging, re-emerging, high impact diseases such as: TB, Brucellosis, FMD, Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex, Mastitis, BVD, Johne�s, E. coli, BT, Influenza, END, Marek�s Disease, Avian leukosis, PEMS, PRRS, PMWS, Salmonella, Mycoplasma, WNV, Rhodococcus equi, Laminitis, TSE�s , etc.

10. Investment (1999-2003) 10 % on internal & external parasitesSuch as: Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, Nematodes- Haemonchus, Ticks, Biting Flies, Lice� 5% on naturally occurring toxins (e.g., mycotoxins), poisonous plants, toxic chemicals 10% Animal Well-being/ behavior

11. Animal Health Scope Poultry Beef & Dairy Cattle Swine Sheep Goats Farmed aquatic species, Horses Wildlife (impacting livestock) Previous strategic plans referred to �strategies� for achieving goals but not to problem areas All research projects entered into CRIS are classified according to RPAs and other criteria. CRIS manual provides instruction on classification decision-making, making RPAs mutually exclusive. A given project may be classified into one or more RPAs. PA�s are not cast in stone. Previous strategic plans referred to �strategies� for achieving goals but not to problem areas All research projects entered into CRIS are classified according to RPAs and other criteria. CRIS manual provides instruction on classification decision-making, making RPAs mutually exclusive. A given project may be classified into one or more RPAs. PA�s are not cast in stone.

12. Animal Health Scope Science Balance: Bacteriology, virology, immunology, parasitology, epidemiology, economics, toxicology, behavior, ethics, education, physiology, pathology, mycology, pharmacology, nutrition, biochemistry, statistics, engineering� Basic (molecular & cellular biology/genomics) & applied (field studies/ educational & outreach programs) Individual & multi-disciplinary approaches Single & multi-institutional/states Previous strategic plans referred to �strategies� for achieving goals but not to problem areas All research projects entered into CRIS are classified according to RPAs and other criteria. CRIS manual provides instruction on classification decision-making, making RPAs mutually exclusive. A given project may be classified into one or more RPAs. PA�s are not cast in stone. Previous strategic plans referred to �strategies� for achieving goals but not to problem areas All research projects entered into CRIS are classified according to RPAs and other criteria. CRIS manual provides instruction on classification decision-making, making RPAs mutually exclusive. A given project may be classified into one or more RPAs. PA�s are not cast in stone.

13. CSREES Partners All institutions of higher education with animal programs Commodity & industry groups Other Federal, State, and Local agencies Professional organizations Consumer organizations 50 �1862� state land-grant universities, 7 territorial & D.C. colleges & universities, 20 �1890� historically black colleges & universities, 33 �1994� Native American colleges & universities, 17 Alaskan- and Hawaiian-native serving institutions, 240+ Hispanic-serving institutions Also 130+ agriculture colleges, 27 veterinary colleges, 42 family & consumer science colleges Also 59 research or experiment stations and 65 McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research institutions Also 57 Cooperative Extension Services 50 �1862� state land-grant universities, 7 territorial & D.C. colleges & universities, 20 �1890� historically black colleges & universities, 33 �1994� Native American colleges & universities, 17 Alaskan- and Hawaiian-native serving institutions, 240+ Hispanic-serving institutions Also 130+ agriculture colleges, 27 veterinary colleges, 42 family & consumer science colleges Also 59 research or experiment stations and 65 McIntire-Stennis Cooperative Forestry Research institutions Also 57 Cooperative Extension Services

14. Strong Partnership with ARS Frequent email / Calls / Meetings (MD/DC) Participation in each other�s workshops: ARS Vet Immunology Workshop (2003) ? Critical lack of veterinary reagents ? ARS/CSREES/AAVI ? CSREES uses competitive programs to request �Vet Immunological Reagent� consortia proposal ? ARS/APHIS/CSREES/AAVI ? Now a recommendation to support a proposal. Joint ARS/CSREES workshops: 2001 - ARS & CSREES reported backhow working together for animal Ag This workshop! (2005) FAIR Food Animal integrated researchFAIR Food Animal integrated research

15. Pathogen Detection and Diagnostics Animal Immunology Microbial Genomics Mechanism of Disease Genetic Resistance to Disease Epidemiology of Disease Strategies to Control Infectious and Non-Infectious Disease�  Alignment with ARS priorities

16. Tuberculosis Brucellosis Bluetongue TSEs (CWD, Scrapie, BSE) Johne's Disease Spring Viremia of Carp Infectious Salmon Anemia Equine Piroplasmosis Newcastle Disease Virus  Alignment with APHIS priorities

17. Alignment with APHIS priorities APHIS Animal Identification Plan CSREES part of National Animal Identification Development Team (State-Federal-Industry) Participate in developing RFA�s for Cooperative Service Agreements ($11.6M FY 2004; APHIS $) Executive Summary and national brochure development

18. Other CSREES Federal Alliances Agriculture Multi-Agency Coordinating (AgMAC) Committee for END Inter-Departmental Committee to Develop National CWD Management Plan Federal Inter-Agency Working Group on Prion Science White House Committee on Science, National Science and Technology Council 11 participating federal agencies

20. NAHLN Mission: Provides accessible, timely, accurate, and consistent animal disease laboratory services nationwide Provides laboratory data to meet epidemiological and disease reporting needs Maintains the capacity and capability to provide laboratory services in support of early diagnosis and response to foreign animal disease outbreaks or other adverse animal health events (including bioterrorism events). Focuses on diseases of livestock (including exotic, zoonotic, and emerging diseases), but includes diseases of all animals

21. NAHLN Operational Objectives Standardized, rapid diagnostic techniques Secure communication, alert, reporting system Trained personnel, modern equipment Quality standards, proficiency testing Adequate facility biosafety/biosecurity levels Surge capacity Scenario testing

23. Center for Epi in animal health (CEAH)Center for Epi in animal health (CEAH)

24. 12 Multi-state research projects Control of emerging & re-emerging poultry respiratory diseases in the US Evolving pathogens, targeted sequences, & strategies for control of bovine respiratory diseases Enteric diseases of swine & cattle: prevention, control & food safety Porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome (PRRS): Mechanisms of disease & methods for the detection, protection, & elimination of PRRS virus Targeted Coordination

25. 12 Multi-state research projects 5. Genetic basis for resistance & immunity to avian diseases Mastitis resistance to enhance dairy food safety Genetic & functional genomic approaches to improve production & quality of pork Management systems to improve the economic & environmental sustainability of dairy enterprises Targeted Coordination

26. 12 Multi-state research projects Integrated methods of parasite control for improved livestock production Water Quality issues in poultryproduction & processing Mycotoxins in cereal grains Animal health advisory committee  Targeted Coordination

27. What is CSREES� role in Animal Health ? What does the portfolio look like ? What has it accomplished ? What�s to come�

28. Impacts on Multiple Levels Research funding: fills key knowledge gaps (pathogen biology, host-pathogen interactions, immunology, non-infectious disease etiology and control, epidemiology and ecology) Products: peer reviewed publications patents, licenses vaccines, diagnostics, treatments policy development open the way for the piloting of new management strategies.

29. Impacts on Multiple Levels Education programs: support the training of the next generation's animal health workforce. Products: New curricula & materials (including instruction delivery systems that address diverse student learning abilities) Training (undergraduates, graduates & postdoctoral fellows through Fellowships & Scholarships) Experiential learning opportunities for veterinary students (gain exposure to laboratory settings & high need areas such as food animal practice)

30. Impacts on Multiple Levels Extension programs: rapid & wide-spread dissemination of research results & other high impact information to implement new management strategies or respond to crisis Products: Referred publications, lay articles Websites training courses presentations at conferences and meetings identification of research gaps emergency outreach response

31. National Animal Health Laboratory Network Training diagnostic personnel to improve service capabilities Expanding standardized rapid/sensitive testing capabilities Improving the nation�s Bio-Safety Level (BSL)-3 capability Assuring quality standards and proficiency testing Improving communications to share data 12 pilot laboratories and 32 other laboratories funded by APHIS, provide surveillance testing in 37 states for: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Exotic Newcastle Disease Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Chronic Wasting Disease Impacts

32. Impact NEW product to detect EARLY lameness in cattle, incl. limb (Lameness Detection Technology patent: UMD & UDE) undergoing field testing on commercial dairy farms in WI and PA by Bou-Matic, LLC

33. Impact NEW vaccine developed for Staphylococcal mastitis using detoxified toxin (UID, WSU, Seoul NU)

34. CSU & PIADC: Foot & Mouth Disease in North American Wildlife: Susceptibility, transmission, carrier/shedder potential & mitigation strategies Describe a highlight from your program- explain how the project supports one or more of the Strategic Goals. Use �quad chart� format Do you have any photos from the project this highlight is drawn from?Describe a highlight from your program- explain how the project supports one or more of the Strategic Goals. Use �quad chart� format Do you have any photos from the project this highlight is drawn from?

35. Impact NEW diagnostic for swine influenza A viruses (UWI) �Use of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay and cell culture methods for detection of swine influenza A viruses� (AJVR: Vol. 66, No. 1, 2005, 119-124)

36. Impact Equine intestinal repair research showed inhibition of prostaglandin production (by drugs such as flunixin meglumine) impairs repair Veterinarians advised use non-steroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs cautiously in horses with intestinal injury until safer alternative Practical Horseman, Equus, The Horse

37. Impact BT research at UC-Davis Helped justify 3rd International Bluetongue Symposium (2003) Symposium conclusions basis for proposed revisions to current OIE Sanitary Code

38. Impact Using genomics to study Marek�s Disease MDV latency associated transcripts (LATs) identified Herpes virus of turkeys LATS identified and compared to LATs of MDV MDV mutant with defective LAT promoter isolated and found to be NONoncogenic

39. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center) Anaplasma marginale (Washington State University & ARS) Bordetella avium (Drew University/ Sanger Center, UK) Dichelobacter nodosus (University of Arizona) Edwardsiella ictaluri (Mississippi State University) Hemophilus somnus (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) Lawsonia intracellularis (University of Minnesota) Mannheimia haemolytica (Baylor College of Medicine) Moraxella bovis (Baylor College of Medicine) Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (University of Minnesota & ARS) Neospora caninum- Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) only (University of Washington) Pasteurella multocida- non-toxigenic swine isolate (University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center) Pasteurella multocida- turkey strain (University of Minnesota & Minnesota Turkey Growers Association) Renibacterium salmoninarum (Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA) Salmonella dublin; Salmonella choleraesuis; Salmonella pullorum (University of Illinois) Staphylococcus aureus- dairy mastitis strain (University of Minnesota & NIH) Impact

40. SIGNIFICANT Training of graduate & postdoctoral students (including new industry recruits) Competitive programs supported 236+ students in animal health (1999-2003) Experiential learning programs for veterinary students in research labs, food animal medicine (Cornell, KSU/SDSU, UMN�) Impact

41. NEW Curriculum Impact

42. Impact Bioterrorism Awareness Education Zoonotic Disease Training for Veterinarians (ISU) (2002 & 2003) Training for all extension veterinariansand all 50 state associations EDEN (Ext. Disaster Ed. Network) established in 1995 (www.eden.lsu.edu) Access to all 3150 US counties, connected to veterinary extension

43. Bovine Respiratory Disease Multi-State Research Committee Presented entire 2 � day symposium to Academy of Veterinary Consultants Applied Bovine Reproductive Strategies Multi-State Extension Committee 2 sessions; 260 producers; technology impact on more than 3.5M US beef cattle Part of 2005 NCBA Cattlemen�s College Also incorporated biosecurity & animal ID Impacts

44. NEW DIRECTIONS

45. Tighter Focus of Agency Resources Focusing competitive funds into fewer animal health priority areas Input requested from >60 organizations(professional associations, scientific colleges, trade & commodity, federal, state partners) & Re-evaluated annually Some areas/diseases EXCLUDED

46. NRI Animal Protection Program 3 diseases/commodity (swine; poultry; aquaculture; equine) 4 diseases for ruminants FADs Livestock-wildlife interface Immunology (non-disease specific)

47. Animal Biosecurity Program $ 4M annual budget from CSREES-NRI Coordinated Agricultural Project (CAP) for specific problem or issue Multi-institutional / Multi-disciplinary Research, education, extension International

48. Community Products: �Roadmaps� including gap analysis Standardized protocols (e.g., diagnostics, vaccine trials, genetic resistance studies) Sample Repositories & databases Genomics/proteomics tools & services (e.g., mutants; arrays; clone sets; immunological typing; bioinformatics) Extension & communication programs (e.g., training tools, demonstrations, conferences, CE, publications, websites) Coordinated Agricultural Projects

49. Coordinated Agricultural Projects Leverage, Coordinate & Partner project resources with other initiatives in Academia, Industry, Federal & State Agencies, & Other Countries Fill critical knowledge gaps (pathogen biology; host/pathogen interactions; epidemiology; effective communication strategies), including exploration of some high-risk approaches Pilot new disease control strategies & tools (vaccines; diagnostics & detection systems; preventatives; producer outreach programs)

50. 3 Animal Biosecurity Coordinated Agricultural Projects Johne�s Disease$4.4M/ 2004-2006(www.jdip.org) PRRS Virus$4.4M/ 2004-2006(now: www.porkboard.org/prrs)(soon: www.prrs.org) Avian Influenza $5M/ 2005-2007 (www.agnr.umd.edu/aicap)

51. Avian Influenza  18 funded states Academia, industry, federal & state partners 8 non-funded institutional collaborators

52. Molecular basis for emergence of influenza A in chickens & turkeys (adaptation from wild aquatics; co-infections) a) Virus evolution/ surveillance Live Bird Markets (CA,MN,NY) 4 major flyways - migratory & non-migratory birds b) Education/ biosecurity programs Diagnostics & vaccines AI Objectives 

53. AI Coordination